What is true regarding seminal vesicles` involvement in prostate cancer?
is almost always due to direct extension (T2c)
it is involved in 85% of positive surgical margins following radical prostatectomy
it carries a poor prognosis
none of the above
Correct Answer :
C. it carries a poor prognosis
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
Genetically, increased risk of prostate cancer has been found in men with:
variants in the 8q24 region on chromosome 8, in sporadic cases
alterations on chromosome 1, chromosome 17, and the X chromosome, in some familial cases
the human prostate cancer gene is on the X chromosome
all are true
What is the likelihood that prostate cells die in a single freeze cycle of cryotherapy when tissue temperature reaches colder than - 400 C?
never
unlikely
likely
always
What is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer?
bisphosphonate
docetaxel
sipuleucel-T
enzalutamide
Solid lesions in the seminal vesicles are most likely to be a result of:
imperfect prostate biopsies
immature teratoma
schistosomiasis
liposarcoma
Regarding radical prostatectomy, the commonest site of positive surgical margins is the:
apex
posterior
postero-lateral
anterior
What is true concerning TRUS prostatic biopsy?
hematospermia might persist for 4 6 weeks after taking biopsies
quinolone antibiotics prophylaxis eliminate possible infections
the right lateral decubitus position is commonly preferred
only hypoechoic lesions should be biopsied
Regarding treating prostate cancer patients, watchful waiting strategy involves:
periodic PSA testing
periodic TRUS
all of the above
none of the above
Concerning prostate cancers, a pre-treatment PSA velocity of > 2 ng/mL/yr is associated with an increased risk of:
pathological bone fractures
biochemical failure following radiation therapy
hepato-renal disease following chemotherapy
upgrading the pre-treatment risk stratification
What are the possible complications of CO2 pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic/robotic prostatectomy?
hypoxia and acidosis
tachycardia and tachypnea
bradycardia and hypotension
hypercarbia and oliguria
Regarding radiotherapy for prostate cancer, what is the lowest recommended dose for salvage therapy?
54 Gy
64 Gy
74 Gy
84 Gy
What is false regarding the histology of prostatic cancers?
benign glands are different from malignant glands, as they contain basal cells
adenosis in the transitional zone carries 15% increase in cancer risk
the prostate has no discrete histologic capsule
intraductal carcinoma is morphologically worse than high-grade PIN and is typically associated with high-grade carcinoma
During retropubic radical prostatectomy, what complication could be encountered on dividing the dorsal vein complex anteriorly?
incontinence
retrograde ejaculation
impotence
anejaculation
What advantage does laparoscopic/robotic prostatectomy has over open surgery in treating prostate cancers?
preserving potency
avoiding incontinence
less bleeding
all of the above
Screening for prostate cancer is recommended for men who are:
at average risk, aging 50 yrs., and have at least a 10-year life expectancy
aging 40 yrs., and had a first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer before age 65
aging 40 yrs., African Americans
all of the above
What is false regarding prostate adenocarcinoma in the peripheral zone?
85% of prostate adenocarcinomas are located in the peripheral zone
15% of them are multifocal
they tend to extend outside the prostate through the perineural space
the presence of perineural invasion does not worsen the prognosis
Which PSA value interpretation is incorrect?
> 50% of men with PSA > 10 ng/mL have the disease beyond the prostate
pelvic lymph node involvement is found in PSA > 20 ng/mL
70% of men with a PSA between 4 and 10 ng/mL have organ-confined disease
80% of men with PSA < 4 ng/mL have organ-confined disease
Regarding treating prostate cancer patients, watchful waiting is a reasonable option for:
patients who have a life expectancy ≤ 10 yrs. and/or well to moderately differentiated cancer
≥ 70 yrs. of age
PSA < 10 ng/mL, ratio < 0.22
patients with good performance status
What is the major advantage of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation before radical prostatectomy on treating clinical stages (cT1-T2) prostate cancers?
reduces positive surgical margins
reduces local recurrence
has no proven advantage
reduces cardiac complications
Fill the blanks: on treating prostate cancer patients, the median time from PSA failure to the development of metastatic disease after radical prostatectomy is approximately (…) yrs. and from the time of metastases to death is approximately (…) yrs..
4, 2 respectively
8, 5 respectively
6, 3 respectively
7, 4 respectively
In descending order, to where do prostate cancers metastasize?
lymph nodes, bone, lung, bladder, liver, and adrenal glands
bone, lung, lymph nodes, liver, bladder, and adrenal glands
lung, liver, lymph nodes, bone, adrenal glands, and bladder
liver, lung, bone, lymph nodes, bladder, and adrenal glands
Which factor is closely related to the return to urinary continence function after radical retropubic prostatectomy?
pathologic tumor stage
performing nerve-sparing surgery
patient`s age
performing internal sphincter micro-dissection
In descending order, the commonest complications of external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer are:
urethral stricture, impotence, and rectal bleeding
impotence, rectal bleeding, and urethral stricture
impotence, urethral stricture, and rectal bleeding
rectal bleeding, impotence, and urethral stricture
For prostate cancer patients, what do Partin tables predict?
survival rate
pathologic stage
extracapsular extension
lymph node involvement
Partin tables are probability tables for the determination of pathologic stages of prostatic cancers based on:
preoperative clinical stage, PSA level, and Gleason sum
seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node metastases, and Gleason sum
positive surgical margins, capsular penetration, and PSA level
PSA level, perineural invasion, vascular metastasis, and Gleason sum
What fraction of men with a PSA value between 4 and 10 ng/mL has an organ-confined prostate cancer?
¼
½
What are the clinical parameters of tissue ablation achieved by cryotherapy for cancer cells destruction?
the number of freezing cycles
the lowest temperature achieved
the existence of regional heat sinks
all of the above
Which factor(s) determine(s) the return to normal erectile function after radical retropubic prostatectomy?
the age of the patient
preoperative potency status
extent of nerve-sparing surgery
all of the above
BPH patients on finasteride longer than 6 months are expected to have:
decreased t-PSA but increased f-PSA
decreased t-PSA but unaltered f-PSA
decreased t-PSA and decreased f-PSA
any of the above
What is true about the usefulness of Gleason scoring system?
used to stage prostate cancer
a specimen of grade 3 + 4 is worse than 4 + 3
a sum of 6 suggests an intermediate risk for aggressive cancer
it has a role in guiding the appropriate treatment options
What is the likelihood that patients with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy will be cured for prostate cancer?
never
unlikely
likely
always