Solid lesions in the seminal vesicles are most likely to be a result of:
imperfect prostate biopsies
immature teratoma
schistosomiasis
liposarcoma
Correct Answer :
C. schistosomiasis
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
Solid lesions in the seminal vesicles are most likely to be a result of:
imperfect prostate biopsies
immature teratoma
schistosomiasis
liposarcoma
In descending order, the commonest complications of external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer are:
urethral stricture, impotence, and rectal bleeding
impotence, rectal bleeding, and urethral stricture
impotence, urethral stricture, and rectal bleeding
rectal bleeding, impotence, and urethral stricture
What is false regarding the histology of prostatic cancers?
benign glands are different from malignant glands, as they contain basal cells
adenosis in the transitional zone carries 15% increase in cancer risk
the prostate has no discrete histologic capsule
intraductal carcinoma is morphologically worse than high-grade PIN and is typically associated with high-grade carcinoma
All of the following modalities are used as salvage therapies after failing radiation therapy for prostate cancer treatment, EXCEPT:
cryotherapy
chemotherapy
brachytherapy
radical prostatectomy
In descending order, to where do prostate cancers metastasize?
lymph nodes, bone, lung, bladder, liver, and adrenal glands
bone, lung, lymph nodes, liver, bladder, and adrenal glands
lung, liver, lymph nodes, bone, adrenal glands, and bladder
liver, lung, bone, lymph nodes, bladder, and adrenal glands
What are the clinical parameters of tissue ablation achieved by cryotherapy for cancer cells destruction?
the number of freezing cycles
the lowest temperature achieved
the existence of regional heat sinks
all of the above
What is the proper pre-treatment risk stratification of prostate cancer for a patient with T2a, PSA < 11 ng/mL, and no Gleason score > 6?
low risk
intermediate risk
high risk
data not adequate
What is false concerning TRUS prostatic biopsy?
a 12-core biopsy is the standard
in preparation for the procedure, a self-administered enema is suggested
sepsis might complicate the procedure
the biopsy path is best visualized in the coronal plane
For prostate cancer patients, what do Partin tables predict?
survival rate
pathologic stage
extracapsular extension
lymph node involvement
Fill the blanks: on treating prostate cancer patients, the median time from PSA failure to the development of metastatic disease after radical prostatectomy is approximately (…) yrs. and from the time of metastases to death is approximately (…) yrs..
4, 2 respectively
8, 5 respectively
6, 3 respectively
7, 4 respectively
What is false concerning antiandrogen class of prostate cancer medications?
commonly used in combination with a GnRH agonist
less effective than medical or surgical castration
not recommended for localized prostate cancer
inhibits various cytochrome P-450 enzymes
Screening for prostate cancer is recommended for men who are:
at average risk, aging 50 yrs., and have at least a 10-year life expectancy
aging 40 yrs., and had a first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer before age 65
aging 40 yrs., African Americans
all of the above
Regarding treating prostate cancer patients, watchful waiting is a reasonable option for:
patients who have a life expectancy ≤ 10 yrs. and/or well to moderately differentiated cancer
≥ 70 yrs. of age
PSA < 10 ng/mL, ratio < 0.22
patients with good performance status
What class of prostate cancer medications causes an initial increase in LH, FSH levels and consequently a rise in testosterone level for few weeks?
GnRH agonists
antiandrogens
antimicrotubular
bisphosphonates
Genetically, increased risk of prostate cancer has been found in men with:
variants in the 8q24 region on chromosome 8, in sporadic cases
alterations on chromosome 1, chromosome 17, and the X chromosome, in some familial cases
the human prostate cancer gene is on the X chromosome
all are true
What is true surrounding PSA?
black individuals produce more PSA than whites
ejaculation can lead to a false decrease in PSA
pro-PSA is the serum proactive form of PSA molecule
prostate cancer cells make more PSA than normal prostate tissues do
What is true concerning TRUS prostatic biopsy?
hematospermia might persist for 4 6 weeks after taking biopsies
quinolone antibiotics prophylaxis eliminate possible infections
the right lateral decubitus position is commonly preferred
only hypoechoic lesions should be biopsied
What is false concerning Gleason scoring system for prostate cancers?
ranges from 0 -10 based on a histologic evaluation of tumor specimens
based on the 2 most common histologic patterns
greatly relies on the skills and experience of the pathologist
a score of 7 indicates a moderate-grade or moderately differentiated tumor
Which factor(s) determine(s) the return to normal erectile function after radical retropubic prostatectomy?
the age of the patient
preoperative potency status
extent of nerve-sparing surgery
all of the above
Regarding chemotherapy for prostate cancers, nonsteroidal antiandrogens will result in:
elevated LH, elevated testosterone, elevated estrogen
elevated LH, elevated testosterone, declined estrogen
declined LH, declined testosterone, elevated estrogen
declined LH, elevated testosterone, declined estrogen
Ectopic expression of PSA occurs in all of the following, EXCEPT:
thyroid gland
breast tissue
adrenal glands
renal carcinomas
What is the primary mechanism of prostate tissue ablation using high-intensity focused ultrasound?
disruption of protein synthesis
coagulative necrosis
cell wall destruction
DNA damage
What is the commonest complication of high-intensity focused ultrasound on treating localized prostate cancer?
temporary incontinence
vasculogenic impotence
urinary retention
hyper-reflexive detrusor
What condition does NOT appear as a hypoechoic lesion in the prostate on TRUS?
prostate cancer
corpora amylacea
transitional zone
tuberculous prostatitis
What is the major advantage of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation before radical prostatectomy on treating clinical stages (cT1-T2) prostate cancers?
reduces positive surgical margins
reduces local recurrence
has no proven advantage
reduces cardiac complications
Which factor is closely related to the return to urinary continence function after radical retropubic prostatectomy?
pathologic tumor stage
performing nerve-sparing surgery
patient`s age
performing internal sphincter micro-dissection
What is false regarding prostate adenocarcinoma in the peripheral zone?
85% of prostate adenocarcinomas are located in the peripheral zone
15% of them are multifocal
they tend to extend outside the prostate through the perineural space
the presence of perineural invasion does not worsen the prognosis
Genetically, what are the changes associated with poor survival in prostate cancer patients?
loss of one or both copies of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN
TMPRSS2ERG chromosome fusion
P53 mutations and overexpression of MYC
all of the above
Which of the following tests has the highest positive predictive value for prostate cancer?
PSA
digital rectal examination
transrectal ultrasonography
human kallikrein 2
What is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer?
bisphosphonate
docetaxel
sipuleucel-T
enzalutamide