What is false concerning urethral stones?
stones at posterior urethra could be pushed back to the bladder
stones at anterior urethra have to undergo a trial of milking out, using copious intra-urethral xylocaine gel
often respond to a two-week course of tamsulosin
respond to Holmium laser treatment
Correct Answer :
C. often respond to a two-week course of tamsulosin
urethral stones are often obstructing and thus no place for two weeks of respite.
Related Questions
What is true regarding prostatic stones?
they are multiple and small in size
usually, they are voided spontaneously
they, rarely, form large stones within the peripheral zone
contrast CT is the conventional method for diagnosis
What is the most favorable stone characteristic for PCNL treatment?
≥ 2 cm diameter
upper calyx location
Na.urate composition
600 - 800 HU density
What type of stones is most effectively treated with PCNL?
Ca.oxalate monohydrate
cystine
matrix
Ca.oxalate dihydrate
What is a remarkable disadvantage of ultrasonic imaging for ESWL?
localization of stones in the ureter is difficult or impossible
inability to visualize stones breaking down in real time
c. patient`s position on ESWL table is uncomfortable
d. inability to visualize radiolucent stones
Which of the following factors, positively, affect lower calyceal stone clearance after ESWL?
short and wide infundibulum
large lower-pole infundibulo-pelvic angle
the adjunct usage of PCNL
all of the above
What is false concerning neonatal nephrolithiasis?
frequently caused by loop diuretics
stones are often radiolucent
may be reversed by the use of thiazides
low calcium-to-creatinine ratio predicts stones resolution
What is false regarding DJ ureteral stents?
can be introduced from the bladder or kidney or any part of the ureter`s course
the standard adult size is 32 cm long, 4 mm calibre
might result in encrustations and ureteral obstruction
might result in ureteral dilation
What kind of stones is more likely to recur with infections if not removed completely?
urate
triple phosphate
oxalate monohydrate
matrix
What is false concerning prostatic stones?
composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
the vast majority are asymptomatic
most of the calculi are found in the transitional zone
they dont affect PSA levels
Ureteral stones of ≥ 7 mm:
should be treated with more analgesics
must undergo metabolic worked out
are unlikely to pass out spontaneously
chemolysis should be tried first
Which of the following dietary advice is recommended for Ca.oxalate stone formers?
limit beef, chicken, pork, eggs, fish, shellfish, and other animal proteins
limit beans, nuts, chocolate, coffee, dark green vegetables, and soda
limit canned, packaged, and fast foods
limit milk, cheese, and other dairy products
What stone is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait?
xanthine
ammonium urate
cystine
calcium oxalate dihydrate
Patients having what kind of stones should refrain from eating purines?
cysteine
urate
calcium
none of the above
What is the most common composition of ureteral stones?
Ca.phosphate
Ca.oxalate
Na.urate
struvite
What is the least likely condition to form bladder stones?
spinal cord injury
senile enlargement of prostate
augmented bladder
neurogenic hyper-reflexive bladder
Which of the following bacteria split urea?
Klebsiella pneumonia
Morganella morganii
Proteus mirabilis
all of the above
What is true concerning the use of intravenous fluids in renal colic cases?
patients should be given large amounts of fluids to hasten stones passage
fluids are given to keep the patient well hydrated
the recommended regimen is 2 L of ringer lactate over 2 hours
fluids are contraindicated if desmopressin (DDAVP) was given
What is the Hounsfield density range of uric acid stones?
400 600 HU
600 800 HU
800 1000 HU
1000 1200 HU
What is false concerning obesity and urinary stone formation?
obese patients have a higher tendency for uric acid stone formation
high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet might increase the risk of stone formation and bone loss
metabolic syndrome is associated with high urinary pH
Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass surgery may increase the risk for stone formation
What medication(s) could be helpful in the management of cystinuria?
α-Mercaptopropionylglycine
d-Penicillamine
a & b
none of the above
A 24-hr urine collection of a recurrent Ca. oxalate stone former patient having Crohn`s disease might reveal:
high citrate, high oxalate
low citrate, low oxalate
high citrate, low oxalate
low citrate, high oxalate
What does nephrocalcin do?
dissolves cystine stones
enhances nephrocalcinosis process over old scared areas
inhibits Ca.oxalate aggregation and crystallization
plays a secondary role in metastatic calcification process
As per the fixed particle theory of stone formation:
the initial step is papillary plaque formation
crystals formation occurs inside the nephron
tubular precipitates form harmless crystalluria
the attraction of organic compounds and activation crystallization is regulated by osteopontin
What is false concerning primary bladder stones?
commoner in females than in males
in pediatrics, are of calcium oxalate and/or ammonium urate composition
caused by bladder outlet obstruction
might result in bladder cancer
What parameter impairs the kidney stone-free rate, after ESWL?
short skin-to-stone distance (SSD)
end-stage renal failure
a stone in the upper calyx
the presence of a 30 cm, 4.7 Fr ureteral stent in situ
What is false regarding hypomagnesuric calcium nephrolithiasis?
it is characterized by low urinary magnesium and citrate
magnesium increases renal tubular citrate resorption
diarrheal is a remarkable side effect of magnesium therapy
potassium-magnesium preparations might restore urinary magnesium and citrate levels
In what kind of renal stones do antibiotics help most?
indinavir
magnesium ammonium phosphate
xanthine
matrix
What type of stones is soft, resilient, composed of mucoproteins of urine and serum?
matrix
indinavir
brushite
2,8 dihydroxyadenine
What medication could help in managing carbonate apatite stones?
α-Mercaptopropionylglycine
acetohydroxamic acid
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
xanthine oxidase inhibitors
The process where nucleation and further precipitations occur by different components to form urinary stones, is called:
classical nucleation theory
heterogeneous nucleation
suspension solution
concentric lamination