Which of the following bacteria split urea?
Klebsiella pneumonia
Morganella morganii
Proteus mirabilis
all of the above
Correct Answer :
D. all of the above
all of the aforementioned are urea splitting bacteria.
Related Questions
Which statement is false concerning renal stones related to hyperparathyroidism (HPT)?
renal stones are found in 20% of patients with primary HPT
acidic arrest promotes crystallisation of calcium phosphate stones related to HPT
HPT, vitamin D excess, and malignancy could lead to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria
only surgery can cure primary HPT
What is the unfavorable stone characteristic for a rigid URS treatment?
size of 5 mm
location at the lower calyx
density of 400 HU
being recurrent
What is (are) true concerning ESWL?
a stone is fragmented when the force of the shockwaves overcomes the tensile strength of the stone
fragmentation occurs as a result of compressive and tensile forces, erosion, shearing, spalling, and cavitation
the generation of compressive and tensile forces and cavitation are thought to be the most important
all of the above
What is true concerning the use of intravenous fluids in renal colic cases?
patients should be given large amounts of fluids to hasten stones passage
fluids are given to keep the patient well hydrated
the recommended regimen is 2 L of ringer lactate over 2 hours
fluids are contraindicated if desmopressin (DDAVP) was given
What is the most common composition of ureteral stones?
Ca.phosphate
Ca.oxalate
Na.urate
struvite
Which method of the following stone analysis techniques is based on the interaction of polarized light with the stone crystals?
wet chemical analysis
thermogravimetry
scanning electron microscopy
none of the above
What is (are) the indication(s) of hospitalization of ureteral stone patients?
steinstrasse
a stone in ureterocele
fever, leucocytosis, pain
brushite stones
What could the discomfort experienced during ESWL session be related to?
the energy density of the shock waves as they pass through the skin
the size of the focal point
a & b
none of the above
Worldwide, the commonest type of urinary stones is:
calcium monohydrate
calcium oxalate
ammonium urate
none of the above
What condition might NOT cause uric acid stones?
Tumor lysis syndrome
hypoparathyroidism
myeloproliferative disorder
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
What is the treatment of choice for a 15 mm stone in the lower calyx with a narrow infundibulum?
ESWL
PCNL
radial nephrolithotomy
pyelolithotomy with ureteral stenting
What is false concerning patient`s preparation for PCNL?
active UTI is an absolute contraindication
fluoroquinolone is the first choice for antimicrobial prophylaxis
withholding aspirin for only 10 days is enough
despite sterile urine, stone fragmentation might release hidden bacterial endotoxins and viable bacteria
What is (are) the indication(s) of using DJ ureteral catheters?
to stent the ureter after ureteral surgery
to facilitate stone passage
after a tough ureteroscopy procedure
all of the above
What is false concerning neonatal nephrolithiasis?
frequently caused by loop diuretics
stones are often radiolucent
may be reversed by the use of thiazides
low calcium-to-creatinine ratio predicts stones resolution
What is the Hounsfield density range of uric acid stones?
400 600 HU
600 800 HU
800 1000 HU
1000 1200 HU
What type of stones do laxative abusers might develop?
ammonium urate
sodium urate
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
What could high level of sulfate in 24-hr. urine collection mean?
dissolving homogenous nucleation
high tendency to form cystine sulfate stones
indicates the amount of dietary protein
post ESWL therapy
What is true concerning uric acid stones?
they are metabolic stones that form at high urinary pH
they score 800 1000 HU on CT
only 25% of affected patients have Gout disease
affected patients must stop eating animal protein
What congenital anomaly is unlikely to result in stone formation?
left ureterocele
bifid right renal pelvis
neurogenic bladder
bilateral UPJ stenosis
What risk factor(s) promote(s) stone formation?
dehydration
metabolic disorders
congenital anomalies
all of the above
Which of the following bacteria split urea?
Klebsiella pneumonia
Morganella morganii
Proteus mirabilis
all of the above
What sequence of ureteral parts represents the most to least favorable stone response to ESWL treatment?
upper, lower, mid
lower, upper, mid
mid, upper, lower
mid, lower, upper
What does nephrocalcin do?
dissolves cystine stones
enhances nephrocalcinosis process over old scared areas
inhibits Ca.oxalate aggregation and crystallization
plays a secondary role in metastatic calcification process
During pyelolithotomy for removing a staghorn urate stone; how to ensure a complete removal of calyceal branches?
by performing intra-operative ultrasonography
by performing radial nephrotomies
by performing adjunct PCLN
by taking a scout KUB film
In what kind of renal stones do antibiotics help most?
indinavir
magnesium ammonium phosphate
xanthine
matrix
What is false concerning preputial stones?
form due to inspissated smegma
form due to stasis of urinary salts
cause inguinal lymphadenopathy
often associated with phimosis in uncircumcised males
What stones are radiopaque on plain X-ray film?
2,8 dihydroxyadenine stones
sulfa medications-induced stones
calcium oxalate stones
matrix stones
What is (are) the indication(s) of ureteral stenting before ESWL?
stones in a solitary kidney
ureteral stones causing bilateral obstructions
a kidney stone of ≥ 2.5 cm in size
all of the above
Patients having what kind of stones should refrain from eating purines?
cysteine
urate
calcium
none of the above
What is false regarding hypomagnesuric calcium nephrolithiasis?
it is characterized by low urinary magnesium and citrate
magnesium increases renal tubular citrate resorption
diarrheal is a remarkable side effect of magnesium therapy
potassium-magnesium preparations might restore urinary magnesium and citrate levels