What is true concerning the use of intravenous fluids in renal colic cases?
patients should be given large amounts of fluids to hasten stones passage
fluids are given to keep the patient well hydrated
the recommended regimen is 2 L of ringer lactate over 2 hours
fluids are contraindicated if desmopressin (DDAVP) was given
Correct Answer :
B. fluids are given to keep the patient well hydrated
fluids are given to keep the patient well hydrated especially if he/she was vomiting.
Related Questions
What is false concerning cystine stones?
have diagnostic hexagonal crystals
dont respond to ESWL therapy
are highly soluble in water
inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion
What is true concerning primary hyperparathyroidism and stone formation?
orthophosphates may have a role in the treatment
hyperparathyroidectomy and levothyroxine replacement is the optimum treatment
management includes Calcium chelating agent and repeat 24hr urine collection in 3 months
surgical excision of the adenoma(s) is the treatment of choice
A 24-hr urine collection of a recurrent Ca. oxalate stone former patient having Crohn`s disease might reveal:
high citrate, high oxalate
low citrate, low oxalate
high citrate, low oxalate
low citrate, high oxalate
What is the composition of brushite stones?
calcium phosphate
calcium oxalate monohydrate
sodium urate
2,8 dihydroxyadenine
What is the first-line treatment of kidney stones of a burden greater than 2 cm?
ESWL
URS
PCNL
none of the above
The process where nucleation and further precipitations occur by different components to form urinary stones, is called:
classical nucleation theory
heterogeneous nucleation
suspension solution
concentric lamination
What is the most favorable stone characteristic for PCNL treatment?
≥ 2 cm diameter
upper calyx location
Na.urate composition
600 - 800 HU density
What is the preferred entry point into the collecting system for PCNL for a 2.4 cm renal pelvis stone?
anterior lower pole calyx
posterior lower pole calyx
anterior upper pole calyx
posterior upper pole calyx
What is false concerning struvite stones?
the commonest to form staghorn giant calculi
formed by urease producing bacteria
antibiotics have a role in the treatment
form at the two extremes of urinary pH range
On treating uric acid stones, excessive alkalinization with potassium citrate could result in all of the following, EXCEPT:
formation of triple-phosphate stones
infection with Proteus species
increase production of endogenous uric acid
increase level of uric acid in THE blood
What is (are) true concerning ESWL?
a stone is fragmented when the force of the shockwaves overcomes the tensile strength of the stone
fragmentation occurs as a result of compressive and tensile forces, erosion, shearing, spalling, and cavitation
the generation of compressive and tensile forces and cavitation are thought to be the most important
all of the above
What type of urinary diversion carries the highest risk of stone formation?
Kock pouch
Neobladder-to-urethra diversion
Florida pouch
Indiana pouch
What is a remarkable disadvantage of ultrasonic imaging for ESWL?
localization of stones in the ureter is difficult or impossible
inability to visualize stones breaking down in real time
c. patient`s position on ESWL table is uncomfortable
d. inability to visualize radiolucent stones
What kind of stones is more likely to recur with infections if not removed completely?
urate
triple phosphate
oxalate monohydrate
matrix
What is (are) the indication(s) of ureteral stenting before ESWL?
stones in a solitary kidney
ureteral stones causing bilateral obstructions
a kidney stone of ≥ 2.5 cm in size
all of the above
What metabolic disturbances could result from renal tubular acidosis type I?
hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypercalciuria and hypercitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypercitraturia
How does oral Mg.citrate inhibit Ca.oxalate stone formation?
by lowering urinary saturation of Ca.oxalate
by preventing heterogeneous nucleation of Ca.oxalate
by inhibiting spontaneous precipitation and agglomeration of Ca.oxalate
by all of the above
How is primary oxaluria treated?
terminal ilium resection
liver transplantation
kidney transplantation
regular hemodialysis
As per the fixed particle theory of stone formation:
the initial step is papillary plaque formation
crystals formation occurs inside the nephron
tubular precipitates form harmless crystalluria
the attraction of organic compounds and activation crystallization is regulated by osteopontin
In what kind of renal stones do antibiotics help most?
indinavir
magnesium ammonium phosphate
xanthine
matrix
What is the preferred irrigation fluid during PCNL?
physiological saline 0.9%
glycine 1.5%
balanced salt solution
distilled water
What type of stones do laxative abusers might develop?
ammonium urate
sodium urate
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
What is false concerning cystine stones?
result from an inherited defect of renal tubular reabsorption of cysteine
characteristically, urate and cysteine stone are radiolucent
cysteine is a dibasic amino acid
on plain X-ray, cysteine stones exhibit ground-glass appearance
What type of shockwaves is generated by spark-gap technology?
piezoelectric
electrohydraulic
electromagnetic
microexplosive
What is false concerning primary bladder stones?
commoner in females than in males
in pediatrics, are of calcium oxalate and/or ammonium urate composition
caused by bladder outlet obstruction
might result in bladder cancer
What is false concerning PCNL in horseshoe kidneys?
the preferred access into the collecting system is through a posterior calyx
the posterior calyceal group is typically more medial than in the normal kidney
in most cases the lower pole calyces are posterior
it is desirable to make an upper pole collecting system puncture
What medication(s) could be helpful in the management of cystinuria?
α-Mercaptopropionylglycine
d-Penicillamine
a & b
none of the above
What risk factor(s) promote(s) stone formation?
dehydration
metabolic disorders
congenital anomalies
all of the above
What is false regarding hypomagnesuric calcium nephrolithiasis?
it is characterized by low urinary magnesium and citrate
magnesium increases renal tubular citrate resorption
diarrheal is a remarkable side effect of magnesium therapy
potassium-magnesium preparations might restore urinary magnesium and citrate levels
What does NOT appear as a filling defect in the renal pelvis on IVU?
fungal ball
radiolucent stone
urothelial growth
upper end of DJ ureteral stent