Patients having what kind of stones should refrain from eating purines?
cysteine
urate
calcium
none of the above
Correct Answer :
D. none of the above
even in urate stone patients, refraining from purine products is not recommended. Affected patients should limit dietary proteins to 90 g/d. Moreover, they have to maintain a low purine diet.
Related Questions
The process where nucleation and further precipitations occur by different components to form urinary stones, is called:
classical nucleation theory
heterogeneous nucleation
suspension solution
concentric lamination
What is false concerning primary bladder stones?
commoner in females than in males
in pediatrics, are of calcium oxalate and/or ammonium urate composition
caused by bladder outlet obstruction
might result in bladder cancer
What is the Hounsfield density range of uric acid stones?
400 600 HU
600 800 HU
800 1000 HU
1000 1200 HU
What is the proper sequence of the following stones when ordered from most radiopaque to most radiolucent as they appear on plain Xray film?
Ca.oxalate, Ca.phosphate, Na.urate, cystine
Ca.phosphate, Ca.oxalate, cystine, Na.urate
Ca.oxalate, Ca.phosphate, cystine, Na.urate
Ca.phosphate, Ca.oxalate, Na.urate, cystine
What is false concerning obesity and urinary stone formation?
obese patients have a higher tendency for uric acid stone formation
high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet might increase the risk of stone formation and bone loss
metabolic syndrome is associated with high urinary pH
Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass surgery may increase the risk for stone formation
What medication could help in managing carbonate apatite stones?
α-Mercaptopropionylglycine
acetohydroxamic acid
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
xanthine oxidase inhibitors
What is the unfavorable stone characteristic for a rigid URS treatment?
size of 5 mm
location at the lower calyx
density of 400 HU
being recurrent
Where do Randall plaques originate from?
transitional epithelium lining minor calyces
transitional epithelium lining major calyces
basement membrane of the loops of Henle
papillary tips of polar pyramids
Two weeks of prolonged wound drainage after a non-stented Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty. What would be next step in the management?
watchful waiting
open surgical correction
IVU with possible endoscopic ureteral stenting
perc. nephrostomy tube insertion
What is the treatment of choice for a 15 mm stone in the lower calyx with a narrow infundibulum?
ESWL
PCNL
radial nephrolithotomy
pyelolithotomy with ureteral stenting
What medication(s) could be helpful in the management of cystinuria?
α-Mercaptopropionylglycine
d-Penicillamine
a & b
none of the above
What is true regarding a stone in a urethral diverticulum?
is symptomless
should undergo a trial of milking out
diverticulectomy and stone extraction is the treatment of choice
ESWL is the preferred treatment option
What is the most favorable stone characteristic for PCNL treatment?
≥ 2 cm diameter
upper calyx location
Na.urate composition
600 - 800 HU density
What is the most important parameter that determines the treatment modality of a kidney stone?
stone chemical composition
stone burden
first stone vs. recurrent
stone density
ESWL in pediatric patients is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:
often need sedation or anesthesia
vesico-ureteral reflux must be excluded
pediatrics have a higher clearance rate of stones when compared to adults
safety measures must be taken to avoid lung contusions
What type of stones do laxative abusers might develop?
ammonium urate
sodium urate
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
In what kind of renal stones do antibiotics help most?
indinavir
magnesium ammonium phosphate
xanthine
matrix
What is (are) the indication(s) of using DJ ureteral catheters?
to stent the ureter after ureteral surgery
to facilitate stone passage
after a tough ureteroscopy procedure
all of the above
What kind of stones is most amenable to ESWL?
cystine
brushite
Ca.oxalate monohydrate
Ca.oxalate dihydrate
What sequence of ureteral parts represents the most to least favorable stone response to ESWL treatment?
upper, lower, mid
lower, upper, mid
mid, upper, lower
mid, lower, upper
During pyelolithotomy for removing a staghorn urate stone; how to ensure a complete removal of calyceal branches?
by performing intra-operative ultrasonography
by performing radial nephrotomies
by performing adjunct PCLN
by taking a scout KUB film
Invasive intervention in stone patients is NOT indicated in the following condition:
stone size
unrelieved obstruction
infection and septicemia
recurrent stone formation
What is the first-line treatment of kidney stones of a burden greater than 2 cm?
ESWL
URS
PCNL
none of the above
What is the treatment of choice for a 15 mm stone in a mid calyceal diverticulum?
ESWL
PCNL with fulguration of the diverticulum
ureteroscopy with fulguration of the diverticulum
pyelolithotomy with diverticulectomy
What does NOT appear as a filling defect in the renal pelvis on IVU?
fungal ball
radiolucent stone
urothelial growth
upper end of DJ ureteral stent
What is the preferred entry point into the collecting system for PCNL for a 2.4 cm renal pelvis stone?
anterior lower pole calyx
posterior lower pole calyx
anterior upper pole calyx
posterior upper pole calyx
What is false regarding DJ ureteral stents?
can be introduced from the bladder or kidney or any part of the ureter`s course
the standard adult size is 32 cm long, 4 mm calibre
might result in encrustations and ureteral obstruction
might result in ureteral dilation
What is the preferred irrigation fluid during PCNL?
physiological saline 0.9%
glycine 1.5%
balanced salt solution
distilled water
What risk factor(s) promote(s) stone formation?
dehydration
metabolic disorders
congenital anomalies
all of the above
What is the least serious complications of PCNL?
uncontrollable bleeding
incomplete removal of stones
pneumothorax
colonic perforation