What is the most significant biological difference in women susceptibility to UTI?
adherence of bacteria to vaginal cells
vaginal dryness
O serogroup
vaginal pH
Correct Answer :
A. adherence of bacteria to vaginal cells
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
What is the most significant biological difference in women susceptibility to UTI?
adherence of bacteria to vaginal cells
vaginal dryness
O serogroup
vaginal pH
What is false regarding Fournier`s gangrene?
is defined as a polymicrobial chronic infection of the perineal, perianal, or genital areas
as the disease progresses, branches from the inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac, and external pudendal arteries get thrombosed
presents as a dark skinned-scrotum, subcutaneous crepitation, and foul smell
surgical debridement often spares the testes
Which of the following conditions does NOT cause bacterial persistence?
perivesical abscess with fistula to bladder
acute tubular necrosis
renal papillary necrosis
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Asymptomatic bacteriuria should be treated in the following situations:
in the elderly
in long-term catheterized patient
in pregnancy
none of the above
What is the estimated risk of untreated Chlamydial infections in producing pelvic inflammatory disease?
1 2.7%
5 9%
10 27%
30 47%
Why could pyuria be sterile?
because standard laboratory culture specifications might not be favorable for growth of atypical organisms
because UTI could show fewer than 10 white cells/mm3 in urine
because laboratories may not report significant growth of a defined urinary pathogen
all of the above
What is false concerning UTI in long-term care facilities?
in catheterized individuals, entry of bacteria into the bladder is facilitated by the bacterial glycocalyx biofilm
infection cannot be reliably distinguished from bacteriuria by lab tests
co-trimoxazole is the preferred antibiotic for empiric therapy
symptomatic UTI may be a diagnosis of exclusion
What is the bladder`s first-line defense against infections?
natural sloughing of bladder mucosa
voiding
urine osmolarity
urine pH
What is NOT a complication of mumps orchitis?
infertility
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
non seminomatous germ cell tumor
chronic orchalgia
What is false concerning corpora amylacea of the prostate?
are premalignant, and found in 1-6% of prostate biopsies
are small hyaline masses of unknown significance found in the prostate gland
they are degenerate cells or thickened secretions in the prostate ducts
might appear as prostate calcifications on X-ray KUB
What is false regarding the etiology and treatment of orchialgia syndrome?
small indirect inguinal hernia may irritate the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve causing orchialgia
might respond to a selective nerve block
the recommended treatment is orchiectomy with implantation of a testicular prosthesis
psychotherapy and stress management might alleviate the pain
What is false concerning radiation cystitis?
the average time from the beginning of radiation therapy to initial symptoms could be 2 4 weeks
treatment with stationary radiation, portals carry a higher risk of morbidity than treatment with rotating portals do
it occurs in about 10% of patients treated with definitive irradiation therapy for prostate cancer after 10 years
most cases are mildly affected and require no specific therapy
What type of scrotal ulcers is painless, punched out, with yellowish grey floor?
tuberculous ulcer
malignant ulcer
gummatous ulcers
traumatic ulcer
UPOINT system for phenotype categorization:
categorizes CP-CPPS, IC, and painful bladder syndrome based on 5 etiological principles
meant to classify CP-CPPS and IC patients into 6 domains
helps establish a reliable diagnosis of CP/CPPS or IC
the diagnostic scores of UPOINT depend on cystoscopy, TRUS, urine analysis and culture of uncommon microbes
What antimicrobial agent treats UTI and does NOT alter the gut flora?
trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole
fluoroquinolones
aminoglycosides
nitrofurantoins
Directed physiotherapy could be of value in treating what NIH type of prostatitis?
type II
type III-a
type III-b
type IV
Under which surgical wound classification, does diagnostic cystoscopy under sterile technique fit?
dirty - infected
contaminated
clean - contaminated
clean
What is the most important pharmacokinetic property of a drug to cure UTI?
mode of administration
level in the serum
level in the urine
dosage
What is false about urinary catheters?
condom catheters carry less risk of UTI if compared to urethral
suprapubic catheters carry less risk of UTI if compared to urethral
latex catheters carry less risk of UTI if compared to silicon
intermittent catheterization carry less risk of UTI if compared to indwelling catheters
Patients with bladder pain syndrome have:
a history of repeated urologic and/or gynecologic procedures
10 fold higher incidence of childhood voiding problems
4 fold higher incidence of anxiety-depression syndrome
6 fold higher incidence of psychosomatic disorders
What is false concerning the presentation of prostatitis syndrome?
type I could harbor prostate abscess
type II presents as intermittent urinary tract infections
type III-a presentation might include psychological complaints
between 10-15% of men with type IV, have pus cells in their semen but no symptoms
What is true regarding honeymoon cystitis?
is a self-limiting infection where antibiotics are not required
is exclusively for UTI experienced by a girl after sexual intercourse on her wedding night
post-coital voiding has no value in the occurrence of the infection
self-initiated medication helps control the infection
What is false concerning acute pyelonephritis?
CBC reveals leucocytosis with predominance of neutrophils
contrast CT reveals one or more focal wedge-like swollen regions of the kidney parenchyma, sparing the cortex, and demonstrating reduced enhancement rim sign
in children, recurrent acute pyelonephritis might lead to renal scarring
in pregnancy, recurrent acute pyelonephritis might lead to preterm labor
What is false regarding cystitis cystica?
most cysts appear as filling defects on cystography
most often found in the trigone area
the cyst lumens contain esinophilic secretions that may have a few inflammatory cells
cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis are reactive urothelial changes
Which of the following factors increases the risk of UTI due to promotion of microbial colonization?
neurogenic bladder
the use of spermicide
urinary catheterization
fecal incontinence
What is true regarding balanoposthitis?
is best diagnosed by ascending urethrography
occurs mostly in diabetic and immunosuppressed patients
could be due to maceration injury, irritant dermatitis, or Candida
commonly presents with deep inguinal lymphadenopathy
What is false concerning the management of genitourinary TB?
prostatic TB is better drained per rectum before initiating the medications
renal TB may require nephroureterectomy
peripheral neuritis is a known side effect of isoniazid
moxifloxacin might result in tendon rupture
What is the commonest intra-scrotal pathology in AIDS patients?
beaded vas deferens
testicular micrilithiasis
testicular atrophy
epididymal granuloma
What are the target immune cells for HIV?
phagocytes
CD4 T cells
B lymphocytes
natural killer cells
What is false concerning acute glomerulonephritis?
manifested as a sudden onset of hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, edema, hypertension, and RBC casts in the urine
post-streptococcus GN has an incubation period of 1-3 weeks with specific strains of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
the triad of sinusitis, pulmonary infiltrates, and nephritis, suggests Wegener granulomatosis
C3, C4, ESR and antistreptolysin O titer are increased