What is the estimated risk of untreated Chlamydial infections in producing pelvic inflammatory disease?
1 2.7%
5 9%
10 27%
30 47%
Correct Answer :
C. 10 27%
untreated chlamydial infection might produce pelvic inflammatory disease in 9.5% and 27% of cases.
Related Questions
What is false concerning urinary catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI)?
once a catheter is placed, the daily incidence of bacteriuria is 3-10%
on long-term catheterization, over 90% of patients develop bacteriuria
the practice of using urinary catheters to control incontinence in bedridden patients should be discouraged
urine bags should be placed on the floor to enhance gravity drainage
What is false regarding cystitis cystica?
most cysts appear as filling defects on cystography
most often found in the trigone area
the cyst lumens contain esinophilic secretions that may have a few inflammatory cells
cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis are reactive urothelial changes
What is false regarding Fournier`s gangrene?
is defined as a polymicrobial chronic infection of the perineal, perianal, or genital areas
as the disease progresses, branches from the inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac, and external pudendal arteries get thrombosed
presents as a dark skinned-scrotum, subcutaneous crepitation, and foul smell
surgical debridement often spares the testes
What is false concerning the presentation of prostatitis syndrome?
type I could harbor prostate abscess
type II presents as intermittent urinary tract infections
type III-a presentation might include psychological complaints
between 10-15% of men with type IV, have pus cells in their semen but no symptoms
What is false concerning HIV infection?
AIDS patients in active infection show low CD4 + T-cell count
the diagnosis is confirmed by positive anti-HIV-1, anti-HIV-2 antibodies
patients receiving antiviral therapy could still be infectious
herpes simplex virus increases HIV replication in infected persons
Which statement best defines reinfection?
a new episode of UTI caused by different species or occurring at long intervals
recurrent UTIs caused by the same organism in each instance, classically, at close intervals
recurrent UTIs due to failure of medical therapy to eradicate the infection
recurrent UTIs due to a persistent pathology that is obstinate to surgery
What is the most important pharmacokinetic property of a drug to cure UTI?
mode of administration
level in the serum
level in the urine
dosage
What is false concerning Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis?
is most commonly associated with Proteus or E. coli infection
is characterized by lipid-laden foamy macrophages
the overall prognosis is poor
it might involve adjacent structures or organs
What is true regarding genitourinary TB?
commonly, TB enters the urinary tract via intravesical instillation of attenuated live BCG to treat bladder cancer
CT urography may show infundibular stricture with or without hydrocalicosis
renal ultrasonography reveals calyceal erosions moth-eaten calyx
TB of the vas appears, clinically, as a thin hard strictured tube
What are the target immune cells for HIV?
phagocytes
CD4 T cells
B lymphocytes
natural killer cells
Patients with bladder pain syndrome have:
a history of repeated urologic and/or gynecologic procedures
10 fold higher incidence of childhood voiding problems
4 fold higher incidence of anxiety-depression syndrome
6 fold higher incidence of psychosomatic disorders
A 60 yrs. man underwent TURP for, only, obstructive LUTS. Histology of prostate chips reveals prostatitis. What NIH type of prostatitis would it be?
type I
type II
type III
type IV
Epididymal cysts are common in the following conditions,
EXCEPT:
von Hippel-Lindau disease
tuberous sclerosis
cystic fibrosis
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
What is false concerning UTI in long-term care facilities?
in catheterized individuals, entry of bacteria into the bladder is facilitated by the bacterial glycocalyx biofilm
infection cannot be reliably distinguished from bacteriuria by lab tests
co-trimoxazole is the preferred antibiotic for empiric therapy
symptomatic UTI may be a diagnosis of exclusion
What is (are) the cause(s) of recurrent community acquired UTI in women?
uncontrolled DM
sexual activity with multiple partners
high vaginal receptivity to bacterial adherence
all of the above
What is the bladder`s first-line defense against infections?
natural sloughing of bladder mucosa
voiding
urine osmolarity
urine pH
What is true regarding acute pyelonephritis?
a cause of obstruction should be sought
PCN is placed to decompress the kidney and preserve renal function
blood-born staphylococci are commoner than ascending E.coli infections
blood and urine cultures must dictate the antibiotic choice from day 1
What factor(s) increase(s) the risk of bacterial colonization in the prostate?
acute epididymitis
indwelling urethral catheters
transurethral surgery
all of the above
What is the preferred antibiotic for BPS/IC cases?
rifampicin
doxycycline
azithromycin
none of the above
What is false concerning acute pyelonephritis?
CBC reveals leucocytosis with predominance of neutrophils
contrast CT reveals one or more focal wedge-like swollen regions of the kidney parenchyma, sparing the cortex, and demonstrating reduced enhancement rim sign
in children, recurrent acute pyelonephritis might lead to renal scarring
in pregnancy, recurrent acute pyelonephritis might lead to preterm labor
What condition is associated with renal papillary necrosis?
nephrotic syndrome
hypertension
sickle cell hemoglobinopathy
sarcoidosis
What is (are) the prominent clinical finding(s) in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis?
fever, chills, abdominal pain
costovertibral angle tenderness
hypogastric and loin pain
flank pain, dysuria
What is false concerning peri-renal abscess?
could result from intra-renal abscess of ascending infection
urine culture might be negative
plain KUB X-ray has no value in the diagnosis
surgical drainage is the proper treatment
What is the most significant biological difference in women susceptibility to UTI?
adherence of bacteria to vaginal cells
vaginal dryness
O serogroup
vaginal pH
What is the percentage of occurrence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in symptomatic lower UTIs in young sexually active females?
5%
10%
15%
20%
What is true concerning ovarian vein syndrome?
manifests as recurrent renal colics due to ureteral obstruction
treatment is surgical mobilization of ureter and ligation of the vein
commonly, occurs at the left side
the pain worsens on sitting upright and during pregnancy
UPOINT system for phenotype categorization:
categorizes CP-CPPS, IC, and painful bladder syndrome based on 5 etiological principles
meant to classify CP-CPPS and IC patients into 6 domains
helps establish a reliable diagnosis of CP/CPPS or IC
the diagnostic scores of UPOINT depend on cystoscopy, TRUS, urine analysis and culture of uncommon microbes
No need for radiologic studies for recurrent UTI in:
children
the elderly
men
women
What is true regarding contrast CT imaging for a renal abscess?
abscess appears as a low attenuation cystic cavity containing gas
renal parenchyma around the abscess cavity may show hypo enhancement in nephrogram phase
associated fascial and septal thickening are seen with obliteration of perinephric fat
all of the above
What is false concerning the cystoscopic findings of interstitial cystitis?
Hunner`s ulcers are multiple ulcerative patches surrounded by mucosal congestion on the dome or lateral walls
ulcers might get distorted after overdistention, because discrete areas of mucosal scarring rupture during the procedure
in non-ulcerative type, overdistention demonstrates glomerulations on the dome and lateral walls
overdistention results in mucosal tears and submucosal hemorrhage