The equivalent stiffness of two springs (of equal stiffness 'S') in series is S/2 while in parallel is 2S
For a helical spring, deflection is proportional to D3 (D = mean coil diameter) or d4 (d = wire diameter)
Crushing load or columns is less than the buckling load
Modulus of resilience is proportional to (stress at elastic limit)2
C. Crushing load or columns is less than the buckling load
Degradation of energy
Decrease in system pressure
Increase in the availability of energy
Increase in the temperature
Followed by tempering or carburising
Preceded by its tempering
Done to get a soft ductile interior with a very hard surface
Carried out to get extreme hardness in its core
Scratch
Indentation
Dynamic
Rebound
Impact
Completely reversed
Dynamic
Static & dynamic
1
4.0
8
14
Sensible heat is added
Sensible heat is removed and the latent heat is added
Latent heat is removed
Sensible heat is added and latent heat is removed
Promotes graphite module formation
Improves its ductility
Does not promote graphite flakes formation
Increases the fluidity of molten metal
Pitting
Corrosion
Erosion
None of these
Calcium
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Hydrogen
Impact strength
Percent elongation
Hardness
Both 'b' & 'c'
Same
Slightly less
Slightly more
Much more
Lead can creep under its own weight at room temperature
The electrical conductivity of gold is considerably reduced by alloying additions due to the decrease in electron movement
Recrystallisation temperature decreases with decrease in strain in a cold worked metal
With increase in temperature, the electrical conductivity of intrinsic semi-conductor will increase
Lumps
Pellets
Briquettes
Sinter
ΔQ = 0, ΔS=0
ΔQ = 0, ΔS = +ve
ΔQ = 0, ΔS = -ve
ΔQ = +ve, ΔS= +ve
Clamping methods
Electrodes
Current
Filler material
Decreases but dew point remains constant
Increases but dew point remains constant
Increases & the dew point decreases
Decreases & the dew point increases
4
6
8
12
Critical point
Curie temperature
Inversion temperature
Eutectic temperature
25
35
55
75
Heat
Humidity
Weight
None of these
Polystyrene
Melamine
Polystyrene
Polyurethane
Impact
Cupping
Hardness
Tensile
Storm
Rain
Clear weather
Cold wave
9 : 1
17 : 1
23 : 1
29 : 1
180°
212°
32°
273°
Small punches, broaches reamers and springs
Cutlery, screws, rivets and files
Mandrels, twist drills, small lathe tools and razors
Forgings like can shaft, structural steel plate, threading dies and drawing dies
Decrease gradually
Increase gradually
Increase rapidly
Remain constant
Lead
Glass
Mica
Silver
1
10
25
50
Alloy steel
Grey cast iron
Mild steel
High carbon steel