BPH is an inheritable and progressive disease
familial BPH presents at an older age when compared to sporadic cases
approximately 90% of men in their 80s have histologic evidence of BPH
BPH tends to be more severe and progressive in black men when compared to whites
B. familial BPH presents at an older age when compared to sporadic cases
never
unlikely
likely
always
increased intravesical pressure
increased detrusor pressure
increase collagen deposition in the detrusor
detrusor smooth muscle hypertrophy
PSA decreases
the prostate size decreases
the complaints resolve
the Q.O.L improves
it focuses on last month`s symptoms
scores of moderate symptoms suggest surgical treatment if the patient`s quality of life was poor
it has been validated and translated to many languages
all of the above
LUTS with neurologic disease
LUTS with post-void dribble
LUTS with suspicious DRE
LUTS with hematuria
anterior
median
left lateral
all of the above
induces nerve degeneration in the prostate and tissue necrosis
frequently results in transient urinary retention
frequently leads to erectile dysfunction
the high-energy platform is superior to the low-energy with regard to clinical efficacy
0.2 1%
1.2 2.1%
2.3 3.4%
3.7 5.6%
TURP
TUIP
HoLEP
HoLRP
nearly all men have PVR of less than 12 ml
it predicts the outcome of surgical treatment
it correlates well with BPH/LUTS
it is diagnostic for bladder outlet obstruction
PSA > 1.5 ng/dL
prostate volume > 40 ml
IPSS > 19
a & b
removing small bladder stones
better access to prostatic fossa
technically, easier trigonization
. When comparing retropubic to suprapubic prostatectomy for removing prostatic adenoma, the former has the advantage of:
there is an increase in the number of epithelial and stromal cells
there is an increase in the size of epithelial and stromal cells
in BPH, epithelial to stromal cells ratio is 1:2
all of the above
bladder stones
prostate cancer
renal insufficiency
bladder diverticula
hematuria
recurrent urinary tract infection
renal insufficiency
all of the above
an additional 15 g in prostate weight
each centimeter over the normal 1.5-cm prostate urethral length equates
an additional 5 g in prostate weight
. When comparing suprapubic to retropubic prostatectomy for removing prostatic adenoma, the former allows:
damage to the internal sphincter
damage to the external sphincter
bladder perforation
damage to a ureteral orifice
obstruction results in bladder smooth muscle hypertrophy and myofibroblasts deposition
BPH occurs chiefly in the transitional zone and periurethral tissues
BPH microscopical changes begin in early thirties
histologic findings of chronic prostatitis are common in BPH
frequency, over-flow incontinence, straining, retention
straining, frequency, over-flow incontinence, retention
straining, frequency, retention, over-flow incontinence
frequency, straining, retention, over-flow incontinence
it helps predict the response to 5α-reductase inhibitors
it monitors LUTS/BPH progression
BPH patients are at higher risk of developing prostate cancer
a & b
it may develop detrusor instability with irritative LUTS
it may develop poor compliance with frequency and urgency symptoms
it may develop poor detrusor contractility with obstructive LUTS
all of the above
the irrigating fluid is at a pressure exceeding 10 mm Hg
the prostate volume is > 45 cc
the resection time is > 90 minutes
all of the above
α1-a
α1-b
α2-a
α2-b
is specific for prostate symptom
is a seven-question, self-administered questionnaire that yields a total score that ranges from 0 to 35
a sum of 20 on IPSS scale is severe
it covers both voiding and storage symptomatology
enoxaparin
silodosin
finasteride
tolterodine
tuberculous prostatitis
prostatic cancer
inspissated prostatic abscess
any of the above
BPH is an inheritable and progressive disease
familial BPH presents at an older age when compared to sporadic cases
approximately 90% of men in their 80s have histologic evidence of BPH
BPH tends to be more severe and progressive in black men when compared to whites
prostatic infarction
prostate infection
bladder overdistention
all of the above
sacral cord integrity
pelvic hematoma
pelvic floor muscle tenderness
prostatic median lobe hypertrophy
achieves better results when combined with antimuscarinic
enhances detrusor contractility resulting in higher Q-max
enhance detrusor relaxation during bladder-filling phase
increases voiding pressure that poses risk on renal function