A. bladder stones

B. prostate cancer

C. renal insufficiency

D. bladder diverticula

A. prostate sizes of up to 70 ml can be treated

B. not recommended in patients with metallic artificial hip

C. retreatment rates are lower than for TURP

D. can be performed in an office-based setting

A. the most potent androgenic hormones in BPH development is DHT

B. type-2 steroid 5 α-reductase, is most commonly found in the prostate

C. castrated individuals before puberty will not develop BPH

D. as a man ages, the number of androgen receptors in the prostate decreases

A. IPSS cannot be used to establish the diagnosis of BPH/LUTS

B. prostate biopsy is essential in diagnosing BPH and excluding cancers

C. PSA and uroflowmetry help diagnose the condition

D. none of the above

A. alfuzosin

B. silodosin

C. finasteride

D. tamsulosin

A. sizable bladder stones

B. Hutch diverticulum

C. a suspicion of cancer

D. a & b

A. sacral cord integrity

B. pelvic hematoma

C. pelvic floor muscle tenderness

D. prostatic median lobe hypertrophy

A. renal insufficiency

B. urinary retention

C. dry mouth

D. painless hematuria

A. obstruction results in bladder smooth muscle hypertrophy and myofibroblasts deposition

B. BPH occurs chiefly in the transitional zone and periurethral tissues

C. BPH microscopical changes begin in early thirties

D. histologic findings of chronic prostatitis are common in BPH

A. it focuses on last month`s symptoms

B. scores of moderate symptoms suggest surgical treatment if the patient`s quality of life was poor

C. it has been validated and translated to many languages

D. all of the above

A. the size of the prostate correlates well to the degree of obstruction

B. a decrease of 3 points in IPSS is associated with a subjective perception of improvement

C. median lobe enlargement gives rise to serious obstructive symptoms

D. bladder trabeculation is not specific for an obstructing prostate

A. complicates approximately 0.7% of cataract surgery cases

B. manifests as poor preoperative pupil dilation, iris prolapse, and progressive intraoperative miosis

C. it could persist long after the discontinuation of tamsulosin

D. intraoperative lidocaine reduces its incidence in patients taking α- adrenergic inhibitors

A. milder postoperative hematuria

B. tension-free bladder closure

C. extra-peritoneal approach

D. . When comparing TURP to open prostatectomy for removing prostatic adenoma, the latter has the following advantages, EXCEPT:

A. bladder stones

B. BPH

C. prostatitis syndrome

D. . What is (are) the indication(s) of antimuscarinic agents and PDEIs

A. LUTS with neurologic disease

B. LUTS with post-void dribble

C. LUTS with suspicious DRE

D. LUTS with hematuria

A. 532 nm

B. 694 nm

C. 755 nm

D. 1064 nm

A. corporal aspiration

B. corpora injection with an α-adrenergic agent

C. corpora injection with an α-adrenergic blocker

D. no treatment required

A. the presence of prostate cancer

B. previous prostatectomy

C. all of the above

D. . Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for prostatic adenoma has the following advantage over TURP:

A. 62 - 78%

B. 48 - 61%

C. 79 - 93%

D. 34 - 47%

A. before catheterization

B. after catheterization and before TURP

C. immediately after TURP

D. 2 weeks after TURP

A. hematuria and infections

B. migration and encrustation of the stent

C. irritative urinary symptoms and painful ejaculation

D. all of the above

A. is only indicated in small prostates

B. complications are related to the amount of lost blood and removed chips

C. is a minimal procedure where no risk of rectal injury or retrograde ejaculation have been reported

D. it entails making 1 or 2 incisions along all prostate lobes except the apical

A. achieves better results when combined with antimuscarinic

B. enhances detrusor contractility resulting in higher Q-max

C. enhance detrusor relaxation during bladder-filling phase

D. increases voiding pressure that poses risk on renal function

A. hematuria

B. recurrent urinary tract infection

C. renal insufficiency

D. all of the above

A. provides tissue preservation for pathological examination

B. treats any size of prostatic adenoma

C. follows anatomic planes to remove the prostate in lobes

D. urinary incontinence is a significant drawback after HoLEP

A. worsening of LUTS and BPH over time

B. patients die of other reasons before serious complications occur

C. physically, the space of prostatic fossa limits the gland enlargement

D. ultimately, the gland will degenerate and undergo apoptosis

A. men with storage symptoms

B. men with ED

C. failed combination of α-adrenergic blocker and 5α-reductase inhibitor

D. a & b

A. tamsulosin

B. alfuzosin

C. doxazosin

D. silodosin

A. PVP

B. HoLEP

C. HoLRP

D. TUMT

A. tuberculous prostatitis

B. prostatic cancer

C. inspissated prostatic abscess

D. any of the above

A. PSA decreases

B. the prostate size decreases

C. the complaints resolve

D. the Q.O.L improves