What is the favorable stone characteristic for ESWL treatment?
1000 - 1300 HU density
5 - 10 mm diameter
lower calyx location
mid ureteral location
Correct Answer :
B. 5 - 10 mm diameter
5 10 mm diameter is the favorite among the listed criteria.
Related Questions
ESWL in pediatric patients is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:
often need sedation or anesthesia
vesico-ureteral reflux must be excluded
pediatrics have a higher clearance rate of stones when compared to adults
safety measures must be taken to avoid lung contusions
What is false concerning prostatic stones?
composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
the vast majority are asymptomatic
most of the calculi are found in the transitional zone
they dont affect PSA levels
What is the proper sequence of the following stones when ordered from most radiopaque to most radiolucent as they appear on plain Xray film?
Ca.oxalate, Ca.phosphate, Na.urate, cystine
Ca.phosphate, Ca.oxalate, cystine, Na.urate
Ca.oxalate, Ca.phosphate, cystine, Na.urate
Ca.phosphate, Ca.oxalate, Na.urate, cystine
Why do patients with cystic fibrosis form stones?
because urine and body secretions are highly concentrated
due to renal leak hypercalciuria
as a result of distal renal tubular acidosis type I
because of reduced or absent of oxalobacter formigenes colonization
What is (are) the indication(s) of ureteral stenting before ESWL?
stones in a solitary kidney
ureteral stones causing bilateral obstructions
a kidney stone of ≥ 2.5 cm in size
all of the above
What parameter impairs the kidney stone-free rate, after ESWL?
short skin-to-stone distance (SSD)
end-stage renal failure
a stone in the upper calyx
the presence of a 30 cm, 4.7 Fr ureteral stent in situ
When urine reaches a high tendency to form stones, the situation is called:
lithogenic anion to cation ratio
Randall cut off
saturation index
solubility product
What is the sure diagnostic finding of Ca.oxalate stones?
chemical analysis of a recovered stone
hypercalcemia
CT finding
high breakability on ESWL
What metabolic disturbances could result from renal tubular acidosis type I?
hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypercalciuria and hypercitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypercitraturia
What type of stones is most effectively treated with PCNL?
Ca.oxalate monohydrate
cystine
matrix
Ca.oxalate dihydrate
Which statement is false concerning renal stones related to hyperparathyroidism (HPT)?
renal stones are found in 20% of patients with primary HPT
acidic arrest promotes crystallisation of calcium phosphate stones related to HPT
HPT, vitamin D excess, and malignancy could lead to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria
only surgery can cure primary HPT
What medications do NOT cause renal stones?
ciprofloxacin
indinavir
thiazides
triamterene
How is primary oxaluria treated?
terminal ilium resection
liver transplantation
kidney transplantation
regular hemodialysis
What medication could help in managing carbonate apatite stones?
α-Mercaptopropionylglycine
acetohydroxamic acid
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
xanthine oxidase inhibitors
In what kind of renal stones do antibiotics help most?
indinavir
magnesium ammonium phosphate
xanthine
matrix
What is false concerning struvite stones?
the commonest to form staghorn giant calculi
formed by urease producing bacteria
antibiotics have a role in the treatment
form at the two extremes of urinary pH range
What is false concerning neonatal nephrolithiasis?
frequently caused by loop diuretics
stones are often radiolucent
may be reversed by the use of thiazides
low calcium-to-creatinine ratio predicts stones resolution
What is false concerning PCNL in horseshoe kidneys?
the preferred access into the collecting system is through a posterior calyx
the posterior calyceal group is typically more medial than in the normal kidney
in most cases the lower pole calyces are posterior
it is desirable to make an upper pole collecting system puncture
What is the favorable stone characteristic for ESWL treatment?
1000 - 1300 HU density
5 - 10 mm diameter
lower calyx location
mid ureteral location
What is the most common composition of ureteral stones?
Ca.phosphate
Ca.oxalate
Na.urate
struvite
What is the composition of brushite stones?
calcium phosphate
calcium oxalate monohydrate
sodium urate
2,8 dihydroxyadenine
What is the most favorable stone characteristics for laparoscopic and robotic approaches for the treatment of a kidney stone?
a stone in the lower calyx with a wide mouth of infundibulum and obtuse lower calyx to ureter angle
a stone in an anterior group calyceal diverticulum with thin overlying renal parenchyma
5 mm calcium-containing stone in an intrarenal pelvis and wide UPJ
6 years post anatrophic nephrolithotomy, recurrent mid calyceal stone
What is true regarding DJ ureteral stents?
can be placed through perc. nephrostomy
might slip out, especially in females
usually radiopaque
all of the above
What is true regarding a stone in a urethral diverticulum?
is symptomless
should undergo a trial of milking out
diverticulectomy and stone extraction is the treatment of choice
ESWL is the preferred treatment option
What stones are radiopaque on plain X-ray film?
2,8 dihydroxyadenine stones
sulfa medications-induced stones
calcium oxalate stones
matrix stones
What is false regarding DJ ureteral stents?
can be introduced from the bladder or kidney or any part of the ureter`s course
the standard adult size is 32 cm long, 4 mm calibre
might result in encrustations and ureteral obstruction
might result in ureteral dilation
What kind of stones is most amenable to ESWL?
cystine
brushite
Ca.oxalate monohydrate
Ca.oxalate dihydrate
What medication(s) could be helpful in the management of cystinuria?
α-Mercaptopropionylglycine
d-Penicillamine
a & b
none of the above
The process where nucleation and further precipitations occur by different components to form urinary stones, is called:
classical nucleation theory
heterogeneous nucleation
suspension solution
concentric lamination
What type of stones is soft, resilient, composed of mucoproteins of urine and serum?
matrix
indinavir
brushite
2,8 dihydroxyadenine