What metabolic disturbances could result from renal tubular acidosis type I?
hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypercalciuria and hypercitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypercitraturia
Correct Answer :
A. hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia
Hypocitraturia, promotes the formation of nephrolithiasis due to reduced impaired inhibition of urinary citrate. Furthermore, hypercalciuria occurs due to the mobilization of calcium from bone.
Related Questions
What type of stones is soft, resilient, composed of mucoproteins of urine and serum?
matrix
indinavir
brushite
2,8 dihydroxyadenine
What is the Hounsfield density range of uric acid stones?
400 600 HU
600 800 HU
800 1000 HU
1000 1200 HU
What does nephrocalcin do?
dissolves cystine stones
enhances nephrocalcinosis process over old scared areas
inhibits Ca.oxalate aggregation and crystallization
plays a secondary role in metastatic calcification process
What type of shockwaves is generated by spark-gap technology?
piezoelectric
electrohydraulic
electromagnetic
microexplosive
The process where nucleation and further precipitations occur by different components to form urinary stones, is called:
classical nucleation theory
heterogeneous nucleation
suspension solution
concentric lamination
On treating uric acid stones, excessive alkalinization with potassium citrate could result in all of the following, EXCEPT:
formation of triple-phosphate stones
infection with Proteus species
increase production of endogenous uric acid
increase level of uric acid in THE blood
During pyelolithotomy for removing a staghorn urate stone; how to ensure a complete removal of calyceal branches?
by performing intra-operative ultrasonography
by performing radial nephrotomies
by performing adjunct PCLN
by taking a scout KUB film
What is (are) the indication(s) of using DJ ureteral catheters?
to stent the ureter after ureteral surgery
to facilitate stone passage
after a tough ureteroscopy procedure
all of the above
What type of stones do laxative abusers might develop?
ammonium urate
sodium urate
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
What stones are radiopaque on plain X-ray film?
2,8 dihydroxyadenine stones
sulfa medications-induced stones
calcium oxalate stones
matrix stones
What is the incidence risk of ureteral strictures following ureteroscopy?
3 6 %
12 15 %
0.4 0.8 %
0.09 0.14 %
What is true concerning uric acid stones?
they are metabolic stones that form at high urinary pH
they score 800 1000 HU on CT
only 25% of affected patients have Gout disease
affected patients must stop eating animal protein
What is the preferred drug for medical expulsive therapy for lower ureteral stones?
furosemide
tamsulosin
nifedipine
diclofenac
What is true concerning the use of intravenous fluids in renal colic cases?
patients should be given large amounts of fluids to hasten stones passage
fluids are given to keep the patient well hydrated
the recommended regimen is 2 L of ringer lactate over 2 hours
fluids are contraindicated if desmopressin (DDAVP) was given
What is the fatality risk if a triple-phosphate staghorn stone left untreated?
0 10%
10 20%
20 30%
30 40%
What is the least likely condition to form bladder stones?
spinal cord injury
senile enlargement of prostate
augmented bladder
neurogenic hyper-reflexive bladder
What is the unfavorable stone characteristic for a rigid URS treatment?
size of 5 mm
location at the lower calyx
density of 400 HU
being recurrent
Which method of the following stone analysis techniques is based on the interaction of polarized light with the stone crystals?
wet chemical analysis
thermogravimetry
scanning electron microscopy
none of the above
What is true regarding prostatic stones?
they are multiple and small in size
usually, they are voided spontaneously
they, rarely, form large stones within the peripheral zone
contrast CT is the conventional method for diagnosis
How can the effectiveness of ESWL treatment session be enhanced?
by ensuring optimal coupling of the patient to the lithotripter
by running the treatment at a slower rate (60 shocks/min)
by running the treatment with general anesthesia
by all of the above
How is primary oxaluria treated?
terminal ilium resection
liver transplantation
kidney transplantation
regular hemodialysis
What is the preferred entry point into the collecting system for PCNL for a 2.4 cm renal pelvis stone?
anterior lower pole calyx
posterior lower pole calyx
anterior upper pole calyx
posterior upper pole calyx
What is the sure diagnostic finding of Ca.oxalate stones?
chemical analysis of a recovered stone
hypercalcemia
CT finding
high breakability on ESWL
Expectant therapy for ureteral stones is indicated when:
stone size of ≤ 4 mm
stone burden of ≥ 22 mm
there is a distal partial obstruction
the patient has end-stage renal failure
What is the immediate management of ureteral avulsion on retrieving an upper ureteral stone by a basket?
placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy drain
surgical exploration and primary repair
conservative management
endoscopic retrograde ureteral stenting
What is the composition of brushite stones?
calcium phosphate
calcium oxalate monohydrate
sodium urate
2,8 dihydroxyadenine
What are the expected findings on urinalysis in patients with acute renal colic?
blood cells more than pus cells
pus cells if infection was superadded
crystals might appear
all of the above
What is false concerning primary bladder stones?
commoner in females than in males
in pediatrics, are of calcium oxalate and/or ammonium urate composition
caused by bladder outlet obstruction
might result in bladder cancer
What is the most common composition of ureteral stones?
Ca.phosphate
Ca.oxalate
Na.urate
struvite
What is the proper sequence of the following stones when ordered from most radiopaque to most radiolucent as they appear on plain Xray film?
Ca.oxalate, Ca.phosphate, Na.urate, cystine
Ca.phosphate, Ca.oxalate, cystine, Na.urate
Ca.oxalate, Ca.phosphate, cystine, Na.urate
Ca.phosphate, Ca.oxalate, Na.urate, cystine