is always asymptomatic
it shows a serological immune antibody response
is a common cause of sterile pyuria
typically, at this stage, the body demonstrates bacteriuria
A. is always asymptomatic
von Hippel-Lindau disease
tuberous sclerosis
cystic fibrosis
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
could result from intra-renal abscess of ascending infection
urine culture might be negative
plain KUB X-ray has no value in the diagnosis
surgical drainage is the proper treatment
fever and chills
suprapubic pain and pyuria
flank pain and tenderness
none of the above
is a self-limiting infection where antibiotics are not required
is exclusively for UTI experienced by a girl after sexual intercourse on her wedding night
post-coital voiding has no value in the occurrence of the infection
self-initiated medication helps control the infection
in pediatrics, adenovirus types 11 and 21 could result in hemorrhagic cystitis
immunosuppressed children are especially susceptible to Cytomegalovirus and Adenoviruses 7, 21, and 35
in pediatrics, acute viral cystitis might present as acute retention of urine
classically, treatment should be culture-specific
pain is dull aching in the scrotum, perineum, inner thighs, and lower abdomen
dysuria, frequency, and/or urgency
long-standing (> 6 weeks) history of scrotal pain, and tenderness
low grade fever, malaise, and urethral discharge
is the commonest extra-pulmonary site of infection
bladder TB is secondary to renal TB, and usually begins at the ureteral orifices
in the kidneys, TB is typically bilateral, cortical, and adjacent to the glomeruli; they may remain dormant for ages
epididymal TB might occur by hematogenous or direct spread from the urinary tract
rifampicin
doxycycline
azithromycin
none of the above
is most commonly associated with Proteus or E. coli infection
is characterized by lipid-laden foamy macrophages
the overall prognosis is poor
it might involve adjacent structures or organs
P blood-group antigen
P fimbriae in descending infections
emolysins
Dr family of adhesins in ascending infections
could be a complication of chronic epididymitis and orchalgia
testicular torsion must be excluded
infected hair follicles and scrotal lacerations are predisposing factors
urethral discharge is not uncommon presentation
2
6
7
8
characterized by neurovirulence
the incubation period of primary genital herpes is 2 3 weeks
HSV can be isolated in the urine
HSV-1 infection causes urethritis more often than HSV-2 does
CT shows the characteristic bear paw sign
it is an infected, obstructed, poorly functioning kidney containing stones
nephrectomy is the treatment
all of the above
it is a constant or intermittent pain of testes for more than 3 months
could be due to appendix testis torsion-detorsion
could be due to radiculitis resulting from a degenerative lesion in the thoraco-lumber vertebrae
could be a result of entrapment neuropathy of ilioinguinal or genitofemoral nerve
rarely, the urothelial cell nests show a central lumen lined by glandular epithelium
In some cases, it may form polypoid masses that mimic urothelial neoplasms
It might appear as multinodular exophytic mass seen on cystoscopy
cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis frequently coexist in the same specimen
trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole
fluoroquinolones
aminoglycosides
nitrofurantoins
kidneys
bladder
prostate
epididymis
most commonly due to indwelling catheters
the areas of inflammation are usually confined to the lateral walls or the dome of the bladder
radiographic changes are nonspecific or present as bullous edema
indwelling catheters are associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
kidneys and adrenals
bladder and ureters
prostate and vasa
testes and epididymi
urethral infection with trichomonas vaginalis
bladder infection with adenovirus
Kawasakis disease
all of the above
greater than 8 fold
greater than 6 fold
greater than 4 fold
comparable
It is an endophytic tumor of the transitional urothelium
harbors p53 gene mutations
presents with hematuria, dysuria, and irritative voiding
the lesion requires transurethral resection
commonly presents with scrotal pain, swelling, fever, and leucocytosis
epididymo-orchitis is the most frequent genitourinary complication of brucellosis
epididymo-orchitis occurs in 10-15% of male patients with brucellosis
treatment includes doxycycline and rifampicin for 6-8 weeks
produces yellow whitish, scanty, frothy urethral discharge
shows gram (+), extracellular diplococcic
infection could be contracted from the spouses eyes
responds fairly to azithromycin
type II
type III-a
type III-b
type IV
poor tissue perfusion manifests as hyperlactemia and decreased capillary refill
acute oliguria indicates an organ dysfunction and circulatory collapse
septic shock is an extreme form of sepsis when hypotension persists despite adequate fluid resuscitation
hypotension is a sign of hyperdynamic circulation at an early septic shock
is a common cause of elevated PSA level
might follow BCG treatment
is sequelae of untreated type III-b prostatitis
shows homogenous enhancement following Gd-DTPA on prostate MRI
perivesical abscess with fistula to bladder
acute tubular necrosis
renal papillary necrosis
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
is an uncommon granulomatous disease that affect the skin and/or urinary bladder
it might be due to a disturbed function of B lymphocytes
characterized by the presence of basophilic inclusion structure (Michaelis-Gutmann body)
it might be due to a defective phagolysosomal activity of monocytes or macrophages