could result from intra-renal abscess of ascending infection
urine culture might be negative
plain KUB X-ray has no value in the diagnosis
surgical drainage is the proper treatment
C. plain KUB X-ray has no value in the diagnosis
antibiotic therapy is recommended for affected individuals with documented trichomonal infection and sexual partners even if asymptomatic
empirical treatment for gonococcal urethritis should cover chlamydia trachomatis
consistent and proper usage of condoms is estimated to prevent HIV transmission by approximately 80 to 95%
vaccinations are available for the prevention of human papillomavirus, N. gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis
could result from intra-renal abscess of ascending infection
urine culture might be negative
plain KUB X-ray has no value in the diagnosis
surgical drainage is the proper treatment
perivesical abscess with fistula to bladder
acute tubular necrosis
renal papillary necrosis
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
PCNL after treating the infection
cystoscopy and placing a retrograde ureteral stent followed by ESWL
perc. nephrostomy and placing antegrade ureteral stent
nephrectomy
uncontrolled DM
sexual activity with multiple partners
high vaginal receptivity to bacterial adherence
all of the above
kidneys and adrenals
bladder and ureters
prostate and vasa
testes and epididymi
clinically, cannot be differentiated from acute bacterial prostatitis
medical management is often unsuccessful
it harbors prostate cancer in approximately 4.3% of cases
management include suprapubic urinary diversion
because standard laboratory culture specifications might not be favorable for growth of atypical organisms
because UTI could show fewer than 10 white cells/mm3 in urine
because laboratories may not report significant growth of a defined urinary pathogen
all of the above
probably due to antibody/antigen reaction
has no diagnostic findings on cystoscopy
has no specific medical therapy
on histology, Von Brunn`s nests appear invaginating the urothelium into the lamina propria
foreign-body cystitis due to vesical calculi
Von Brunn`s nests of cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis
schistosomiasis cystitis
inverted papilloma of the bladder
beading of the lower ureteral segment
ureteral fibrosis and calcifications of the distal ureter
stricture at the uretero-vesical junction
all of the above
1 2.7%
5 9%
10 27%
30 47%
is a self-limiting infection where antibiotics are not required
is exclusively for UTI experienced by a girl after sexual intercourse on her wedding night
post-coital voiding has no value in the occurrence of the infection
self-initiated medication helps control the infection
is defined as a polymicrobial chronic infection of the perineal, perianal, or genital areas
as the disease progresses, branches from the inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac, and external pudendal arteries get thrombosed
presents as a dark skinned-scrotum, subcutaneous crepitation, and foul smell
surgical debridement often spares the testes
2
6
7
8
no pathognomonic histology for interstitial cystitis
basically, biopsies are performed to exclude carcinomas and other varieties of cystitis
diagnostic biopsies include the presence of discrete micro-ulcers and increased numbers of mast cells in the detrusor muscle or submucosa
none of the above
kidneys
bladder
prostate
epididymis
P blood group
fimbria
pili
hemolysin
once a catheter is placed, the daily incidence of bacteriuria is 3-10%
on long-term catheterization, over 90% of patients develop bacteriuria
the practice of using urinary catheters to control incontinence in bedridden patients should be discouraged
urine bags should be placed on the floor to enhance gravity drainage
it is a constant or intermittent pain of testes for more than 3 months
could be due to appendix testis torsion-detorsion
could be due to radiculitis resulting from a degenerative lesion in the thoraco-lumber vertebrae
could be a result of entrapment neuropathy of ilioinguinal or genitofemoral nerve
condom catheters carry less risk of UTI if compared to urethral
suprapubic catheters carry less risk of UTI if compared to urethral
latex catheters carry less risk of UTI if compared to silicon
intermittent catheterization carry less risk of UTI if compared to indwelling catheters
seniors house residents
ICU patients with indwelling urinary catheters
pregnant women
neurogenic bladder patients on CIC
minimal
chronic persistent infections
chronic relapsing infections
bouts of chronic pyelonephritis
dirty - infected
contaminated
clean - contaminated
clean
43%
53%
63%
73%
aminoglycoside
fluoroquinolone
2nd generation cephalosporin
doxycycline
Coxsackie B
Epstein-Barr
varicella
all of the above
small indirect inguinal hernia may irritate the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve causing orchialgia
might respond to a selective nerve block
the recommended treatment is orchiectomy with implantation of a testicular prosthesis
psychotherapy and stress management might alleviate the pain
rifampicin
doxycycline
azithromycin
none of the above
30
40
50
60