How can the effectiveness of ESWL treatment session be enhanced?
by ensuring optimal coupling of the patient to the lithotripter
by running the treatment at a slower rate (60 shocks/min)
by running the treatment with general anesthesia
by all of the above
Correct Answer :
D. by all of the above
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
What is false concerning primary bladder stones?
commoner in females than in males
in pediatrics, are of calcium oxalate and/or ammonium urate composition
caused by bladder outlet obstruction
might result in bladder cancer
What is false concerning struvite stones?
the commonest to form staghorn giant calculi
formed by urease producing bacteria
antibiotics have a role in the treatment
form at the two extremes of urinary pH range
What sequence of ureteral parts represents the most to least favorable stone response to ESWL treatment?
upper, lower, mid
lower, upper, mid
mid, upper, lower
mid, lower, upper
Which method of the following stone analysis techniques is based on the interaction of polarized light with the stone crystals?
wet chemical analysis
thermogravimetry
scanning electron microscopy
none of the above
What type of stones do laxative abusers might develop?
ammonium urate
sodium urate
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
What congenital anomaly is unlikely to result in stone formation?
left ureterocele
bifid right renal pelvis
neurogenic bladder
bilateral UPJ stenosis
The process where nucleation and further precipitations occur by different components to form urinary stones, is called:
classical nucleation theory
heterogeneous nucleation
suspension solution
concentric lamination
What is the treatment of choice for a 15 mm stone in a mid calyceal diverticulum?
ESWL
PCNL with fulguration of the diverticulum
ureteroscopy with fulguration of the diverticulum
pyelolithotomy with diverticulectomy
What is (are) true concerning ESWL?
a stone is fragmented when the force of the shockwaves overcomes the tensile strength of the stone
fragmentation occurs as a result of compressive and tensile forces, erosion, shearing, spalling, and cavitation
the generation of compressive and tensile forces and cavitation are thought to be the most important
all of the above
Which of the following bacteria split urea?
Klebsiella pneumonia
Morganella morganii
Proteus mirabilis
all of the above
As per the fixed particle theory of stone formation:
the initial step is papillary plaque formation
crystals formation occurs inside the nephron
tubular precipitates form harmless crystalluria
the attraction of organic compounds and activation crystallization is regulated by osteopontin
What kind of stones is more likely to recur with infections if not removed completely?
urate
triple phosphate
oxalate monohydrate
matrix
What statement is false concerning the use of desmopressin (DDAVP) in renal colic patients?
it causes reduction in the mean intra-ureteral pressure
it reduces the pain of acute renal colic
it has a direct relaxing effect on the renal pelvis and ureteral musculature
it is indicated when stones are ≤ 4 mm in diameter
What is false concerning prostatic stones?
composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
the vast majority are asymptomatic
most of the calculi are found in the transitional zone
they dont affect PSA levels
Which patient is at lowest risk for the development of perinephric hematoma after ESWL?
hypertensive patient
patient on aspirin withheld 5 days prior to ESWL
a stone in a scared poorly functioning kidney
ESWL every other day
What condition might NOT cause uric acid stones?
Tumor lysis syndrome
hypoparathyroidism
myeloproliferative disorder
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
What is the preferred drug for medical expulsive therapy for lower ureteral stones?
furosemide
tamsulosin
nifedipine
diclofenac
How can the effectiveness of ESWL treatment session be enhanced?
by ensuring optimal coupling of the patient to the lithotripter
by running the treatment at a slower rate (60 shocks/min)
by running the treatment with general anesthesia
by all of the above
During pyelolithotomy for removing a staghorn urate stone; how to ensure a complete removal of calyceal branches?
by performing intra-operative ultrasonography
by performing radial nephrotomies
by performing adjunct PCLN
by taking a scout KUB film
What could carry the least risk of colon injury during PCNL?
subcostal puncture performed during full expiration
previous open nephrolithotomy
access lateral to the posterior axillary line
horseshoe kidney
Which of the following dietary advice is recommended for Ca.oxalate stone formers?
limit beef, chicken, pork, eggs, fish, shellfish, and other animal proteins
limit beans, nuts, chocolate, coffee, dark green vegetables, and soda
limit canned, packaged, and fast foods
limit milk, cheese, and other dairy products
What is true regarding DJ ureteral stents?
can be placed through perc. nephrostomy
might slip out, especially in females
usually radiopaque
all of the above
What metabolic disturbances could result from renal tubular acidosis type I?
hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypercalciuria and hypercitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypercitraturia
What is true concerning the use of intravenous fluids in renal colic cases?
patients should be given large amounts of fluids to hasten stones passage
fluids are given to keep the patient well hydrated
the recommended regimen is 2 L of ringer lactate over 2 hours
fluids are contraindicated if desmopressin (DDAVP) was given
What are the expected findings on urinalysis in patients with acute renal colic?
blood cells more than pus cells
pus cells if infection was superadded
crystals might appear
all of the above
What is (are) the indication(s) of using DJ ureteral catheters?
to stent the ureter after ureteral surgery
to facilitate stone passage
after a tough ureteroscopy procedure
all of the above
What is the most appropriate antibiotic class for prophylaxis before urologic surgery?
aminoglycosides
macrolides
cephalosporins
fluoroquinolones
What is a remarkable disadvantage of ultrasonic imaging for ESWL?
localization of stones in the ureter is difficult or impossible
inability to visualize stones breaking down in real time
c. patient`s position on ESWL table is uncomfortable
d. inability to visualize radiolucent stones
What parameter is NOT considered in the stone burden concept?
the surface area of the stones
the volume of the stones
the density of the stones
the number of the stones
What is false concerning neonatal nephrolithiasis?
frequently caused by loop diuretics
stones are often radiolucent
may be reversed by the use of thiazides
low calcium-to-creatinine ratio predicts stones resolution