What is (are) the indication(s) of using DJ ureteral catheters?
to stent the ureter after ureteral surgery
to facilitate stone passage
after a tough ureteroscopy procedure
all of the above
Correct Answer :
D. all of the above
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
What congenital anomaly is unlikely to result in stone formation?
left ureterocele
bifid right renal pelvis
neurogenic bladder
bilateral UPJ stenosis
Where do Randall plaques originate from?
transitional epithelium lining minor calyces
transitional epithelium lining major calyces
basement membrane of the loops of Henle
papillary tips of polar pyramids
What is true concerning the use of intravenous fluids in renal colic cases?
patients should be given large amounts of fluids to hasten stones passage
fluids are given to keep the patient well hydrated
the recommended regimen is 2 L of ringer lactate over 2 hours
fluids are contraindicated if desmopressin (DDAVP) was given
Which patient is at lowest risk for the development of perinephric hematoma after ESWL?
hypertensive patient
patient on aspirin withheld 5 days prior to ESWL
a stone in a scared poorly functioning kidney
ESWL every other day
What is the preferred irrigation fluid during PCNL?
physiological saline 0.9%
glycine 1.5%
balanced salt solution
distilled water
What is the sure diagnostic finding of Ca.oxalate stones?
chemical analysis of a recovered stone
hypercalcemia
CT finding
high breakability on ESWL
What is the first-line treatment of kidney stones of a burden greater than 2 cm?
ESWL
URS
PCNL
none of the above
What situation carries lower risk for lung injury during supracostal upper pole access for PCNL?
placing the patient in anti-Trendelenburg position
making the puncture under local anesthesia
injection Co2 gas to create a safety space under the diaphragm before puncturing
making the puncture during full expiration
What metabolic disturbances could result from renal tubular acidosis type I?
hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypercalciuria and hypercitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypercitraturia
What does nephrocalcin do?
dissolves cystine stones
enhances nephrocalcinosis process over old scared areas
inhibits Ca.oxalate aggregation and crystallization
plays a secondary role in metastatic calcification process
What sequence of ureteral parts represents the most to least favorable stone response to ESWL treatment?
upper, lower, mid
lower, upper, mid
mid, upper, lower
mid, lower, upper
What is the most favorable stone characteristics for laparoscopic and robotic approaches for the treatment of a kidney stone?
a stone in the lower calyx with a wide mouth of infundibulum and obtuse lower calyx to ureter angle
a stone in an anterior group calyceal diverticulum with thin overlying renal parenchyma
5 mm calcium-containing stone in an intrarenal pelvis and wide UPJ
6 years post anatrophic nephrolithotomy, recurrent mid calyceal stone
What is (are) true concerning ESWL?
a stone is fragmented when the force of the shockwaves overcomes the tensile strength of the stone
fragmentation occurs as a result of compressive and tensile forces, erosion, shearing, spalling, and cavitation
the generation of compressive and tensile forces and cavitation are thought to be the most important
all of the above
What is false regarding DJ ureteral stents?
can be introduced from the bladder or kidney or any part of the ureter`s course
the standard adult size is 32 cm long, 4 mm calibre
might result in encrustations and ureteral obstruction
might result in ureteral dilation
What is false concerning obesity and urinary stone formation?
obese patients have a higher tendency for uric acid stone formation
high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet might increase the risk of stone formation and bone loss
metabolic syndrome is associated with high urinary pH
Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass surgery may increase the risk for stone formation
What kind of stones is more likely to recur with infections if not removed completely?
urate
triple phosphate
oxalate monohydrate
matrix
Why do patients with cystic fibrosis form stones?
because urine and body secretions are highly concentrated
due to renal leak hypercalciuria
as a result of distal renal tubular acidosis type I
because of reduced or absent of oxalobacter formigenes colonization
What parameter is NOT considered in the stone burden concept?
the surface area of the stones
the volume of the stones
the density of the stones
the number of the stones
What is false concerning primary bladder stones?
commonly occur in patients with senile prostatic enlargement
common in children exposed to low-protein, low-phosphate diet
rarely recur after treatment
respond to ESWL
What parameter impairs the kidney stone-free rate, after ESWL?
short skin-to-stone distance (SSD)
end-stage renal failure
a stone in the upper calyx
the presence of a 30 cm, 4.7 Fr ureteral stent in situ
What bowel surgery could result in enteric hyperoxaluria?
right hemicolectomy
small bowel resection
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
b & c
Ureteral stones of ≥ 7 mm:
should be treated with more analgesics
must undergo metabolic worked out
are unlikely to pass out spontaneously
chemolysis should be tried first
What type of shockwaves is generated by spark-gap technology?
piezoelectric
electrohydraulic
electromagnetic
microexplosive
What are the expected findings on urinalysis in patients with acute renal colic?
blood cells more than pus cells
pus cells if infection was superadded
crystals might appear
all of the above
What is false concerning neonatal nephrolithiasis?
frequently caused by loop diuretics
stones are often radiolucent
may be reversed by the use of thiazides
low calcium-to-creatinine ratio predicts stones resolution
What medication could help in managing carbonate apatite stones?
α-Mercaptopropionylglycine
acetohydroxamic acid
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
xanthine oxidase inhibitors
What is true regarding prostatic stones?
they are multiple and small in size
usually, they are voided spontaneously
they, rarely, form large stones within the peripheral zone
contrast CT is the conventional method for diagnosis
What is false concerning primary bladder stones?
commoner in females than in males
in pediatrics, are of calcium oxalate and/or ammonium urate composition
caused by bladder outlet obstruction
might result in bladder cancer
What type of stones do laxative abusers might develop?
ammonium urate
sodium urate
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
What could high level of sulfate in 24-hr. urine collection mean?
dissolving homogenous nucleation
high tendency to form cystine sulfate stones
indicates the amount of dietary protein
post ESWL therapy