type I
type II
type III
type IV
D. type IV
clinically, cannot be differentiated from acute bacterial prostatitis
medical management is often unsuccessful
it harbors prostate cancer in approximately 4.3% of cases
management include suprapubic urinary diversion
selective nerve block
balloon dilation
botulinum A toxin injection
ESWL
inhibits bladder epithelial cell proliferation
inhibits the bladder proliferative growth factors
stimulates the proliferation inhibitory factors
none of the above
children
the elderly
men
women
is a common cause of elevated PSA level
might follow BCG treatment
is sequelae of untreated type III-b prostatitis
shows homogenous enhancement following Gd-DTPA on prostate MRI
a new episode of UTI caused by different species or occurring at long intervals
recurrent UTIs caused by the same organism in each instance, classically, at close intervals
recurrent UTIs due to failure of medical therapy to eradicate the infection
recurrent UTIs due to a persistent pathology that is obstinate to surgery
urethral infection with trichomonas vaginalis
bladder infection with adenovirus
Kawasakis disease
all of the above
antibiotic therapy is recommended for affected individuals with documented trichomonal infection and sexual partners even if asymptomatic
empirical treatment for gonococcal urethritis should cover chlamydia trachomatis
consistent and proper usage of condoms is estimated to prevent HIV transmission by approximately 80 to 95%
vaccinations are available for the prevention of human papillomavirus, N. gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis
improperly drained hair follicle scrotal abscess
syphilitic orchitis
tuberculous epididymitis
all of the above
30
40
50
60
should be distinguished from testicular torsion in the emergency setting
viral epididymitis is commoner in the elderly
chronic epididymitis might complicate BPH
chronic epididymitis might require epididymectomy
probably due to antibody/antigen reaction
has no diagnostic findings on cystoscopy
has no specific medical therapy
on histology, Von Brunn`s nests appear invaginating the urothelium into the lamina propria
aminopenicillins
fluoroquinolones
aminoglycosides
nitrofurantoins
is the commonest extra-pulmonary site of infection
bladder TB is secondary to renal TB, and usually begins at the ureteral orifices
in the kidneys, TB is typically bilateral, cortical, and adjacent to the glomeruli; they may remain dormant for ages
epididymal TB might occur by hematogenous or direct spread from the urinary tract
manifests as recurrent renal colics due to ureteral obstruction
treatment is surgical mobilization of ureter and ligation of the vein
commonly, occurs at the left side
the pain worsens on sitting upright and during pregnancy
in the elderly
in long-term catheterized patient
in pregnancy
none of the above
sterile pyuria on 3 consecutive cultures
the presence of glomerulations and/or Hunner`s ulcer on endoscopy
pain and discomfort related to the bladder
urgency and frequency with no documented infection
most commonly due to indwelling catheters
the areas of inflammation are usually confined to the lateral walls or the dome of the bladder
radiographic changes are nonspecific or present as bullous edema
indwelling catheters are associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
the cytological examination of the urine and/or EPS
transrectal ultrasonographic examination
the presence of ≥10 WBCs/HPF in the urine with negative culture in type III-b
the positive urine culture, and negative EPS support type III-a
small indirect inguinal hernia may irritate the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve causing orchialgia
might respond to a selective nerve block
the recommended treatment is orchiectomy with implantation of a testicular prosthesis
psychotherapy and stress management might alleviate the pain
discomfort on placing urethral catheter and pain on bladder filling
difficulty in zeroing the pressure and diminished response to first cough
low filling pressure but high voiding pressure
uninhibited bladder contractions with a relative bladder hypotonia
45% are caused by E. coli
related to an indwelling urinary catheter in approximately 40% of cases
responds fairly to oral antibiotics
tends to report higher antibiotic resistance
taking urine samples by draining the urine bag
daily cleansing the external meatus
placing the urine bag on the floor
changing the urine bag once it is full
Kaposi sarcoma,
Hodgkin lymphoma
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
cervical cancer
acute bacterial prostatitis presenting with abscess formation
recurrent or refractory chronic bacterial prostatitis
asymptomatic prostatitis with pyuria resistant to common antimicrobials
curiously, chronic inflammatory prostatitis could respond to low-dose suppressive antibiotic
elevated body temperature
dropped blood pressure
elevated heart rate
reduced urine output
categorizes CP-CPPS, IC, and painful bladder syndrome based on 5 etiological principles
meant to classify CP-CPPS and IC patients into 6 domains
helps establish a reliable diagnosis of CP/CPPS or IC
the diagnostic scores of UPOINT depend on cystoscopy, TRUS, urine analysis and culture of uncommon microbes
inadequately treated UTI
renal papillary necrosis
acute emphysematous pyelonephritis
urinary tract tuberculosis
nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
ampicillin
fosfomycin
an esinophilic immune reaction is generated in response to the eggs
chronic schistosomiasis can eventually result in small bladder and the development of cancers
schistosoma mansoni often causes urinary tract infections
could cause inflammatory polys and recurrent hematuria