What could cause scrotal sinus?
improperly drained hair follicle scrotal abscess
syphilitic orchitis
tuberculous epididymitis
all of the above
Correct Answer :
D. all of the above
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
What is true concerning granulomatous inflammation of the prostate?
is a common cause of elevated PSA level
might follow BCG treatment
is sequelae of untreated type III-b prostatitis
shows homogenous enhancement following Gd-DTPA on prostate MRI
What is false regarding prostatic abscesses?
clinically, cannot be differentiated from acute bacterial prostatitis
medical management is often unsuccessful
it harbors prostate cancer in approximately 4.3% of cases
management include suprapubic urinary diversion
What type of human Herpes virus is implicated in all forms of Kaposi sarcoma?
2
6
7
8
What is false concerning renal hydatid cysts?
might rupture into the collecting system causing (hydatiduria)and renal colic
are formed by the eggs of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus
most cysts are asymptomatic but might manifest as flank mass, dull pain, or hematuria
the most reliable diagnostic test uses partially purified hydatid arc 5 antigens in a double-diffusion test
What is false concerning UTI in long-term care facilities?
in catheterized individuals, entry of bacteria into the bladder is facilitated by the bacterial glycocalyx biofilm
infection cannot be reliably distinguished from bacteriuria by lab tests
co-trimoxazole is the preferred antibiotic for empiric therapy
symptomatic UTI may be a diagnosis of exclusion
In males, HIV infection increases the incidence of the following genitourinary tumors:
testicular
renal
penile
all of the above
What are the most commonly affected organs by genitourinary tuberculosis?
kidneys, prostate and epididymi
bladder, ureters and renal pelvis
vasa, scrotum and adrenals
testes, bladder neck and seminal vesicles
Which of the following factors increases the risk of UTI due to promotion of microbial colonization?
neurogenic bladder
the use of spermicide
urinary catheterization
fecal incontinence
What is false concerning chronic orchialgia syndrome?
it is a constant or intermittent pain of testes for more than 3 months
could be due to appendix testis torsion-detorsion
could be due to radiculitis resulting from a degenerative lesion in the thoraco-lumber vertebrae
could be a result of entrapment neuropathy of ilioinguinal or genitofemoral nerve
What is the percentage of occurrence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in symptomatic lower UTIs in young sexually active females?
5%
10%
15%
20%
What is true concerning HIV infection?
HIV is a retrovirus that infects B-cells and dendritic cells
circumcised men are at lower risk for HIV infection
HPV infection increases the risk for cancers in HIV patients by 6.3 times
plasma HIV RNA load is a predictor of disease remission
What is the preferred antimicrobial prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy?
aminoglycoside
fluoroquinolone
2nd generation cephalosporin
doxycycline
Asymptomatic bacteriuria should be treated in the following situations:
in the elderly
in long-term catheterized patient
in pregnancy
none of the above
What is true regarding chronic epididymitis symptomatology?
pain is dull aching in the scrotum, perineum, inner thighs, and lower abdomen
dysuria, frequency, and/or urgency
long-standing (> 6 weeks) history of scrotal pain, and tenderness
low grade fever, malaise, and urethral discharge
What is true regarding contrast CT imaging for a renal abscess?
abscess appears as a low attenuation cystic cavity containing gas
renal parenchyma around the abscess cavity may show hypo enhancement in nephrogram phase
associated fascial and septal thickening are seen with obliteration of perinephric fat
all of the above
What is the preferred antibiotic for BPS/IC cases?
rifampicin
doxycycline
azithromycin
none of the above
What could NOT cause recurrent UTI in a 25 yrs. woman?
bladder neck suspension surgery
chronic constipation
poor genital hygiene
contraceptive diaphragm
What is false concerning inverted papilloma of the bladder?
It is an endophytic tumor of the transitional urothelium
harbors p53 gene mutations
presents with hematuria, dysuria, and irritative voiding
the lesion requires transurethral resection
Which of the following conditions does NOT cause bacterial persistence?
perivesical abscess with fistula to bladder
acute tubular necrosis
renal papillary necrosis
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Under which surgical wound classification, does diagnostic cystoscopy under sterile technique fit?
dirty - infected
contaminated
clean - contaminated
clean
Ureteral dilation in schistosomiasis could be due to:
vesicoureteral reflux
stenosis of the lower ureter
edematous ureteral wall causing deficient peristalsis
any of the above
What is false concerning epididymitis?
should be distinguished from testicular torsion in the emergency setting
viral epididymitis is commoner in the elderly
chronic epididymitis might complicate BPH
chronic epididymitis might require epididymectomy
In which segmented voided bladder (VB) specimen, the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis is confirmed?
VB1 and VB3
prostatic secretions and the VB3
prostatic secretions and the VB2
prostatic secretions and the VB1
Which of the following has NO role in bacterial colonization in the prostate?
intra-prostatic ductal reflux
paraphimosis
specific blood groups
unprotected anal intercourse
What is the earliest clinical finding of urosepsis?
elevated body temperature
dropped blood pressure
elevated heart rate
reduced urine output
Screening for bacteriuria is mostly indicated for:
seniors house residents
ICU patients with indwelling urinary catheters
pregnant women
neurogenic bladder patients on CIC
Which of the following does NOT cause sterile pyouria?
inadequately treated UTI
renal papillary necrosis
acute emphysematous pyelonephritis
urinary tract tuberculosis
What is false concerning urinary catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI)?
once a catheter is placed, the daily incidence of bacteriuria is 3-10%
on long-term catheterization, over 90% of patients develop bacteriuria
the practice of using urinary catheters to control incontinence in bedridden patients should be discouraged
urine bags should be placed on the floor to enhance gravity drainage
What is the laboratory differentiation between type III-a and type III-b prostatitis?
the cytological examination of the urine and/or EPS
transrectal ultrasonographic examination
the presence of ≥10 WBCs/HPF in the urine with negative culture in type III-b
the positive urine culture, and negative EPS support type III-a
The relative risk of prostate cancer in men with HIV compared to uninfected individuals is:
greater than 8 fold
greater than 6 fold
greater than 4 fold
comparable