Economic system
Political system
Social System
Cultural Attitudes
A. Economic system
Place of origin of goods.
Special characteristics of the product associated with the place of origin.
Place and special characters of the product.
Place or special characters of the product.
GATT/WTO
GATS/IMF
WTO/WORLD BANK
WORLD BANK/WIPO
Cultural Values
Society
Technology
Economy
USA
INDIA
CHINA
BRAZIL
as a Greenfield venture.
to acquire an existing firm.
to have products marketed overseas.
to have management is overseas.
lower level of stress among people.
decision taken as a result of group consensus.
less dependence on rules and regulations.
people are serene.
Hofstedes five cultural dimensions
Monochromatic vs polychromatic tune
Communication
Geography
Polycentric Approach
Regiocentric Approach
Ethnocentric Approach
Geocentric Approach
lower than per capita GNI.
higher than per capita GNI.
same as per capita GNI.
may be lower or higher than per capita GNI.
India
China
USA
Brazil
Culture is enduring.
Culture is changing.
Culture is evolved among the members of a society.
Culture is determined by national boundaries.
Measures that affect trade in goods.
Measures that lead to restrictions on quantities.
Discouraging measures that limit a companys imports.
Discouraging measures that limit a companys exports.
Services supplied from one country to another cross border supply
Transaction of goods across the border Export Import
Individuals traveling from own country to supply services in another presence of natural persons.
Consumers/firms making use of a service in another country consumption abroad.
High level of inequality of power and wealth within the society
Normal Power and Wealth
High level of political corruption
Low level of Human Development Index
Income level.
caste.
education.
any of the above.
earn a greater return from their skills and core competencies
realize location economies where they can be performed most efficiently
realize greater experience curve economies, which reduces the cost of production
All the above
Services supplied from one country to another cross border supply
Transaction of goods across the border Export Import
Individuals traveling from own country to supply services in another presence of natural persons.
Consumers/firms making use of a service in another country consumption abroad
1992
1993
1995
1994
Attitudes.
Beliefs.
Education.
Life expectancy.
The licensor might provide access to some of its patents or trademarks
The licensor might provide access to technology
It might be used to avoid the risks of foreign involvement
All of the above
LOW
MODERATE
HIGH
VERY HIGH
Deferred credits
Transit credits
Instalment credits
Transferable credits
recession.
depression.
recovery.
recession or depression.
Ability to speak English; developed network of supporting industries; absence of competition; and low labour cost.
Abundant natural resources; skilled labour force; temperate climate; and democracy.
Factor conditions; demand conditions; related and supporting industries; and firm strategy, industry strategy and rivalry.
Strong sporting ethos; emphasis on individual achievement; strong national party in power; large home market.
The World War I
The World War II
The Establishment of GATT
In 1913 when GDP was high
FDI made by a group of firms.
FDI made in subsidiaries.
FDI made in similar products.
FDI made in unrelated products.
Same and equal economic treatment
Non-discriminatory treatment
Same tariff rates applicable
Uniform civil code
Direct payments to farmers are permitted.
Indirect assistance and support to farmers including R & D support by govt. are not permitted
Domestic policies which directly effect on production and trade have to be cut back.
Least developed countries do not need to make any cuts.
Adam smith
D. Richardo
Raymond Varnoon
Porter
Commission is paid to the agent involved in the transaction
Cost of the goods exported
Freight & Insurance charges for the goods exported
All of the above