GATT/WTO
GATS/IMF
WTO/WORLD BANK
WORLD BANK/WIPO
A. GATT/WTO
different currencies
product quality
product mobility
trade policies
Encourage imports and exports
Encourage exports and discourage imports
Discourage imports
None of these
Services supplied from one country to another cross border supply
Transaction of goods across the border Export Import
Individuals traveling from own country to supply services in another presence of natural persons.
Consumers/firms making use of a service in another country consumption abroad
High level of inequality of power and wealth within the society
Normal Power and Wealth
High level of political corruption
Low level of Human Development Index
Direct payments to farmers are permitted.
Indirect assistance and support to farmers including R & D support by govt. are not permitted.
Domestic policies which directly effect on production and trade have to be cut back.
Least developed countries do not need to make any cuts.
1992
1993
1995
1994
Income level.
caste.
education.
any of the above.
Innovation is encouraged.
International cooperation is encouraged.
Imports are rendered cheap.
Consumption is minimized.
Attitudes.
Beliefs.
Education.
Life expectancy.
Countries specializing in production of goods they are best suited for.
Reduction in taxes.
Increased factor income.
Encouraging competition.
recession.
depression.
recovery.
recession or depression.
Competitive theory
Porters Diamond Model
Theory of Mercantilism
Product life cycle theory
Government
Organized Trade union
Factor Conditions
Demand Conditions
Language
Laws, rules and regulations
Cost of resources
Infrastructure related factors
Greenfield FDI.
Acquisition.
Horizontal FDI.
Vertical FDI.
1993
1994
1995
1996
Identifying key competitive forces; identifying competitive position; identifying key opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses.
Auditing macro environmental influences; identifying key competitive forces; identifying competitive position; identifying key opportunities and threats.
Auditing external and organisational factors; identifying key competitive forces; identifying competitive position; identifying key opportunities and threats.
Assessing historical trends; auditing environmental dangers; identifying strategic capabilities; identifying competitive position.
relationships based on equality and informality.
authority being accepted without question.
managers being paternalistic.
tall organizations structure.
Market seeking FDI.
Efficiency seeking FDI.
Vertical FDI.
Created assets seeking FDI.
lower than per capita GNI.
higher than per capita GNI.
same as per capita GNI.
may be lower or higher than per capita GNI.
holidays.
language.
role of women.
marketing practices.
Licenses.
Patents.
Copyrights.
Patent, copyright or trademark as appropriate.
Gold Theory
Ricardo Theory
Mercantilism
H .O. THEORY
Emerging economy
Developed economy
Less developed economy
None of these
Eastern countries.
Middle East countries.
Traditional Islamic countries.
India.
GATT/WTO
GATS/IMF
WTO/WORLD BANK
WORLD BANK/WIPO
includes written communication.
has no place in international business.
includes body language.
should be learnt by business managers to communicate with foreigners.
The World War I
The World War II
The Establishment of GATT
In 1913 when GDP was high
Services supplied from one country to another cross border supply
Transaction of goods across the border Export Import
Individuals traveling from own country to supply services in another presence of natural persons.
Consumers/firms making use of a service in another country consumption abroad.
existence of traditional rule.
non existence of industries.
predominance of agriculture.
complete absence of literacy.