Concerning prostate cancers, a pre-treatment PSA velocity of > 2 ng/mL/yr is associated with an increased risk of:
pathological bone fractures
biochemical failure following radiation therapy
hepato-renal disease following chemotherapy
upgrading the pre-treatment risk stratification
Correct Answer :
B. biochemical failure following radiation therapy
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
What is true concerning TRUS prostatic biopsy?
hematospermia might persist for 4 6 weeks after taking biopsies
quinolone antibiotics prophylaxis eliminate possible infections
the right lateral decubitus position is commonly preferred
only hypoechoic lesions should be biopsied
During retropubic radical prostatectomy, what complication could be encountered on dividing the dorsal vein complex anteriorly?
incontinence
retrograde ejaculation
impotence
anejaculation
What is false concerning thawing procedure to treat prostate cancer cells?
slow thawing is more effective than rapid thawing
the most common complication is erectile dysfunction
for effective thawing a minimum temperature of − 25° C and a double freeze/thaw cycle with urethral warming are recommended
the two most common modalities employed in focal therapy are highintensity focused ultrasound and cryosurgery
In which of the following PSA readings prostate cancer is least suspected?
PSA velocity of 0.35 ng/mL/y, when the PSA is ≤ 2.5 ng/mL
PSA velocity of 0.75 ng/mL/y, when the PSA is 4 10 ng/mL
t-PSA is 2.8 ng/mL, f-PSA 0.94 ng/mL
t-PSA is 3.7 ng/mL, f-PSA 0.51 ng/mL
What is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer?
bisphosphonate
docetaxel
sipuleucel-T
enzalutamide
What is the likelihood that patients with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy will be cured for prostate cancer?
never
unlikely
likely
always
Regarding treating prostate cancer patients, watchful waiting is a reasonable option for:
patients who have a life expectancy ≤ 10 yrs. and/or well to moderately differentiated cancer
≥ 70 yrs. of age
PSA < 10 ng/mL, ratio < 0.22
patients with good performance status
Concerning prostate cancers, a pre-treatment PSA velocity of > 2 ng/mL/yr is associated with an increased risk of:
pathological bone fractures
biochemical failure following radiation therapy
hepato-renal disease following chemotherapy
upgrading the pre-treatment risk stratification
What fraction of men with a PSA value between 4 and 10 ng/mL has an organ-confined prostate cancer?
¼
½
Screening for prostate cancer is recommended for men who are:
at average risk, aging 50 yrs., and have at least a 10-year life expectancy
aging 40 yrs., and had a first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer before age 65
aging 40 yrs., African Americans
all of the above
What are the clinical parameters of tissue ablation achieved by cryotherapy for cancer cells destruction?
the number of freezing cycles
the lowest temperature achieved
the existence of regional heat sinks
all of the above
Regarding chemotherapy for prostate cancers, nonsteroidal antiandrogens will result in:
elevated LH, elevated testosterone, elevated estrogen
elevated LH, elevated testosterone, declined estrogen
declined LH, declined testosterone, elevated estrogen
declined LH, elevated testosterone, declined estrogen
Which PSA value interpretation is incorrect?
> 50% of men with PSA > 10 ng/mL have the disease beyond the prostate
pelvic lymph node involvement is found in PSA > 20 ng/mL
70% of men with a PSA between 4 and 10 ng/mL have organ-confined disease
80% of men with PSA < 4 ng/mL have organ-confined disease
Regarding radiotherapy for prostate cancer, what is the lowest recommended dose for salvage therapy?
54 Gy
64 Gy
74 Gy
84 Gy
What class of prostate cancer medications causes an initial increase in LH, FSH levels and consequently a rise in testosterone level for few weeks?
GnRH agonists
antiandrogens
antimicrotubular
bisphosphonates
What is false concerning the interpretation of Gleason scoring system?
a low score means the cancer tissue is similar to normal prostate tissue
it indicates how likely the tumor will spread
the more cellular atypia observed the higher scoring will be
it relies only on the glandular architectural pattern
In which of the following cases PSA testing is NOT indicated:
72 yrs. man newly diagnosed BPH with normal DRE
2 weeks post TURP for obstructing cancerous prostate
screening for prostate cancer in 75 yrs. old Caucasian man
43 yrs. man with obstructive LUTS, who had a first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer before age 65
What is false regarding the histology of prostatic cancers?
benign glands are different from malignant glands, as they contain basal cells
adenosis in the transitional zone carries 15% increase in cancer risk
the prostate has no discrete histologic capsule
intraductal carcinoma is morphologically worse than high-grade PIN and is typically associated with high-grade carcinoma
Following bilateral orchiectomy for prostate cancer, testosterone will:
initially drop to nadir, and then recover over 2 weeks
decline by 50% within 2 weeks and then normalize
decline by 90% within 24 hours
decline by 70%
What are the possible complications of CO2 pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic/robotic prostatectomy?
hypoxia and acidosis
tachycardia and tachypnea
bradycardia and hypotension
hypercarbia and oliguria
Regarding treating prostate cancer patients, watchful waiting strategy involves:
periodic PSA testing
periodic TRUS
all of the above
none of the above
What is false concerning antiandrogen class of prostate cancer medications?
commonly used in combination with a GnRH agonist
less effective than medical or surgical castration
not recommended for localized prostate cancer
inhibits various cytochrome P-450 enzymes
What is true regarding prostatic tissue levels of hK2?
intensely expressed in benign prostatic epithelium
increased in poorly differentiated prostate cancer tissue
helps differentiate benign from malignant causes of high t-PSA
is an organ but not pathology specific marker
Solid lesions in the seminal vesicles are most likely to be a result of:
imperfect prostate biopsies
immature teratoma
schistosomiasis
liposarcoma
What is the major advantage of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation before radical prostatectomy on treating clinical stages (cT1-T2) prostate cancers?
reduces positive surgical margins
reduces local recurrence
has no proven advantage
reduces cardiac complications
Fill the blanks: on treating prostate cancer patients, the median time from PSA failure to the development of metastatic disease after radical prostatectomy is approximately (…) yrs. and from the time of metastases to death is approximately (…) yrs..
4, 2 respectively
8, 5 respectively
6, 3 respectively
7, 4 respectively
Partin tables are probability tables for the determination of pathologic stages of prostatic cancers based on:
preoperative clinical stage, PSA level, and Gleason sum
seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node metastases, and Gleason sum
positive surgical margins, capsular penetration, and PSA level
PSA level, perineural invasion, vascular metastasis, and Gleason sum
For prostate cancer patients, what do Partin tables predict?
survival rate
pathologic stage
extracapsular extension
lymph node involvement
What is the proper pre-treatment risk stratification of prostate cancer for a patient with T2a, PSA < 11 ng/mL, and no Gleason score > 6?
low risk
intermediate risk
high risk
data not adequate
Regarding radical prostatectomy, the commonest site of positive surgical margins is the:
apex
posterior
postero-lateral
anterior