Evaluation of painless hematuria includes all of the following,
EXCEPT:
urine cytology
CT urography
cystoscopy
renal function tests
Correct Answer :
D. renal function tests
RFT is not on the hematuria workup list, despite it is important.
Related Questions
Intravesical installation of BCG should NOT be given soon after bladder tumor resection (TURBT) because:
there will be no target tumor tissue to work on
post-op. hematuria interacts unfavorably with BCG composition
of the risk of systemic absorption and sepsis
of the high risk of BCG reflux to kidneys while bladder irrigation
Regarding ureteral cancers, what is the commonest part of tumor development?
upper ureter
middle ureter
lower ureter
comparable
What is false concerning carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) of urinary tract?
frequently found in association with high-grade or extensive TCC
has a rate of progression to muscle invasion of 10-25%
significant areas of CIS are easily missed by routine cystoscopy
treatment begins with TURBT
The treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in men includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
radical cysto-prostatectomy
anterior pelvic exenteration
bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy
creation of a urinary diversion
In women, what is the commonest type of cancers occurring in the proximal urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing upper urinary tract tumors?
obesity
consuming artificial sweeteners
asbestosis
analgesic abuse
What percentage of bladder cancers is squamous cell type in origin?
2%
5%
70%
90%
What is the likelihood that inverted papillomas of the upper urinary tract accompany tumors?
never
unlikely
likely
always
Risk factors for recurrence and progression of bladder cancers include the following:
multifocality
high tumor grade and advanced stage
presence of CIS
all of the above
Carcinoma-in-situ of the prostatic urethra mostly occurs at the:
mid prostate to the verumontanum at the 5 and 7 oclock positions
lateral margins of the prostate at the 10 and 2 oclock positions
entire area distal to the urethral crest
area between ejaculatory duct openings and prostatic utricle
During women`s life span, what percentage of women will develop keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder?
10%
20%
30%
40%
Immediately following transurethral resection of bladder tumors, intravesical installation of which material(s) is(are) contraindicated?
epirubicin
mitomycin c
BCG
none of the above
What is the commonest type of tumors occurring in the female urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
comparable
What type of bladder cancers might be caused by Schistosoma haematobium infection?
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
small cell carcinoma
What is false regarding the symptomatology of urethral cancers?
obstructive LUTS are common presentations and occur in association with carcinoma in situ
might present as perineal abscesses and fistulae
could be asymptomatic
venereal diseases increase the risk of urethral cancers
The treatment of T2/Nx/M0 prostatic urethral cancer is:
en bloc resection involving total penectomy, cystoprostatectomy, resection of the pubic rami and urogenital diaphragm, with pelvic lymphadenectomy. In addition, creating a urinary diversion.
total penectomy involving removal of the penis, urethra, and penile root
partial penectomy involving excision of the malignant lesion with 2-cm margins
transurethral resection or fulguration
What is (are) the classic presentation(s) of bladder cancers?
irritative bladder symptoms
obstructive bladder symptoms
palpable suprapubic mass on physical examination
painless profuse hematuria
What is the commonest type of tumors occurring in the penile urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
What is the commonest type of primary urethral tumors?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
On diagnosing bladder cancers, what advantage does urine cytology has over tumor markers?
high specificity
high sensitivity
high reliability
strong validity
What is false concerning upper tract urothelial tumors?
rarely diagnosed at autopsy
the peak incidence occurs between ages 70 and 80
they occur twice as frequently in men as in women
none of the above
Evaluation of painless hematuria includes all of the following,
EXCEPT:
urine cytology
CT urography
cystoscopy
renal function tests
What is true regarding inverted papilloma of the bladder?
the standard treatment is transurethral resection
the prognosis for inverted papilloma is pathetic, with a recurrence rate of approximately 65%
the likelihood of synchronous urothelial carcinoma is 26%
has been shown to harbor p53 gene mutations
What is false regarding squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder (non-keratinized) subtype?
only in females
associated with chronic irritation, polypoid cystitis, and cystitis glandularis
no risk for squamous cell carcinoma
treated with estrogen, if symptomatic
The 5-yr survival rates of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are:
40 - 55%
55 - 70%
70 - 85%
85 - 100%
Which of the following statements concerning lymphatic drainage of the male urethra is true?
the anterior urethra drains into the inguinal and pelvic nodes
the posterior urethra drains into the pelvic nodes
the proximal two-thirds drain into the external and internal iliac nodes
the distal one-third drains into the obturator nodes
The most significant prognostic factors for survival in female urethral cancers are:
sensitivity to chemotherapy and age at presentation
anatomic location and extent of the tumor
histologic type of the tumor and sensitivity to radiotherapy
tumors stage and grade
Common benign urethral tumors include all of the following,
EXCEPT:
leiomyoma
hemangioma
fibroepithelial polyp
lymphangioma
What is the most effective adjuvant intravesical therapy for bladder tumors?
cisplatin
BCG
mitomycin C
5-fluorouracil
Which of the following does NOT predispose to bladder cancer?
working with organic chemicals and dyes
abuse of pain-control medications especially phenacetin
exposure to arsenic and aromatic amines
schistosomiasis