Common benign urethral tumors include all of the following,
EXCEPT:
leiomyoma
hemangioma
fibroepithelial polyp
lymphangioma
Correct Answer :
D. lymphangioma
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
Regarding ureteral cancers, what is the commonest part of tumor development?
upper ureter
middle ureter
lower ureter
comparable
What type of bladder cancers might be caused by Schistosoma haematobium infection?
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
small cell carcinoma
What percentage of bladder cancers is squamous cell type in origin?
2%
5%
70%
90%
Common benign urethral tumors include all of the following,
EXCEPT:
leiomyoma
hemangioma
fibroepithelial polyp
lymphangioma
Risk factors for recurrence and progression of bladder cancers include the following:
multifocality
high tumor grade and advanced stage
presence of CIS
all of the above
On diagnosing bladder cancers, what advantage does urine cytology has over tumor markers?
high specificity
high sensitivity
high reliability
strong validity
The most significant prognostic factors for survival in female urethral cancers are:
sensitivity to chemotherapy and age at presentation
anatomic location and extent of the tumor
histologic type of the tumor and sensitivity to radiotherapy
tumors stage and grade
Intravesical installation of BCG should NOT be given soon after bladder tumor resection (TURBT) because:
there will be no target tumor tissue to work on
post-op. hematuria interacts unfavorably with BCG composition
of the risk of systemic absorption and sepsis
of the high risk of BCG reflux to kidneys while bladder irrigation
What is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of a suspected urethral cancer?
ascending urethrography
voiding cystourethrography
MRI
IVU
Partial penectomy for urethral cancer is indicated in:
infiltrative proximal penile urethral carcinomas
infiltrative distal penile urethral carcinomas
recurrent proximal penile urethral carcinoma after laser resection
T3/N2/M0 at bulbar urethra
What is the ideal vesical tumor patient for bladder preservation?
patients with carcinoma in situ
patients with completely resected solitary tumor
patients with preserved kidney and liver functions after 2 courses of BCG
patients with leiomyosarcoma
Partial cystectomy for bladder tumors can be performed when the following criterion(a) is(are) met:
the lesion is solitary and no associated CIS
physically, a surgical margin of 2-cm can be obtained
the resected area should be far enough from ureteral orifices and the bladder neck
all of the following
What gene mutation is common in carcinoma-in-situ of urinary bladder?
RB
cyclin A
HRAS
CD-44
Evaluation of painless hematuria includes all of the following,
EXCEPT:
urine cytology
CT urography
cystoscopy
renal function tests
What is the commonest manifestation of upper tract urothelial carcinomas?
obstructive uropathy
painless hematuria
pain radiating to the groin
locally advanced tumor
For radical cystectomy, thromboembolism prophylaxis is required:
immediately before operation
immediately before incision and post-operative for 1 day
immediately before incision and post-operative for 15 days
immediately before incision and post-operative for 30 days
Carcinoma-in-situ of the prostatic urethra mostly occurs at the:
mid prostate to the verumontanum at the 5 and 7 oclock positions
lateral margins of the prostate at the 10 and 2 oclock positions
entire area distal to the urethral crest
area between ejaculatory duct openings and prostatic utricle
What might occur while resecting a bladder mass at the posterolateral wall?
bladder perforation
obturator nerve reflex
vesico-ureteral reflux
terrible bleeding
Bladder cancer patients who once failed BCG vaccine, should:
undergo cystectomy
try mitomycin c
take a second course of BCG
take a second course of BCG + quinolones
Bladder tumors with hydronephrosis are:
often of high-grade sarcomas
often associated with muscularis propria invasion
due to vesical polyps occluding ureteric orifices
should be resected but not diathermized
While resecting a large bladder tumor located at the right lateral wall, the surgeon observes a bladder perforation, what should next step be?
continue the procedure as perforations at this site do no harm
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
convert tumor removal to open method and repair the defect
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
What is the commonest type of tumors occurring in the penile urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
Immediately following transurethral resection of bladder tumors, intravesical installation of which material(s) is(are) contraindicated?
epirubicin
mitomycin c
BCG
none of the above
Once muscle invasion is detected in bladder cancers, what percentage of occult metastasis is expected?
30%
40%
50%
60%
The treatment of T2/Nx/M0 prostatic urethral cancer is:
en bloc resection involving total penectomy, cystoprostatectomy, resection of the pubic rami and urogenital diaphragm, with pelvic lymphadenectomy. In addition, creating a urinary diversion.
total penectomy involving removal of the penis, urethra, and penile root
partial penectomy involving excision of the malignant lesion with 2-cm margins
transurethral resection or fulguration
Which of the following statements concerning lymphatic drainage of the male urethra is true?
the anterior urethra drains into the inguinal and pelvic nodes
the posterior urethra drains into the pelvic nodes
the proximal two-thirds drain into the external and internal iliac nodes
the distal one-third drains into the obturator nodes
While deeply resecting a large bladder tumor, the surgeon noted loss of bladder distension, what should next step be?
increase the irrigation fluid and pursue the procedure
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
perform cystogram and manage accordingly
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
What is the likelihood that inverted papillomas of the upper urinary tract accompany tumors?
never
unlikely
likely
always
In what percentages of patients do bilateral upper tract tumors occur either synchronously or metachronously?
0.6 - 2%
2 - 6%
6 - 10%
12 - 16%
What is the commonest type of primary urethral tumors?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma