Stainless steel
High speed steel
Heat resisting steel
Nickel steel
D. Nickel steel
Are used where ease in machining is the criterion
Contain carbon in free form
Require least cutting force
Do not exist
Pearlite
Ferrite
Cementite
Martensite
α-iron
β-iron
γ-iron
δ-iron
Hearth
Stack
Bosh
Throat
770°C
910°C
1050°C
Below recrystallisation temperature
Spheroidal graphite cast iron with B.H.N. 400 and minimum tensile strength 15 MPa
Spheroidal graphite cast iron with minimum tensile strength 400 MPa and 15 percent elongation
Spheroidal graphite cast iron with minimum compressive strength 400 MPa and 15 percent reduction in area
None of the above
Nichrome
Invar
Magnin
Elinvar
Mild steel
German silver
Lead
Graphite
Relieve stresses
Harden steel slightly
Improve machining characteristic
Soften material
Refine the grain structure
Remove strains caused by cold working
Remove dislocations caused in the internal structure due to hot working
All of the above
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Spheroids
Coordination number
Atomic packing factor
Space lattice
None of these
Carbon in the form of carbide
Low tensile strength
High compressive strength
All of these
Modulus of elasticity is fairly low
Wear resistance is very good
Fatigue strength is not high
Creep strength limits its use to fairly low temperatures
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression
Ability to recover its original form
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension
All of the above
Lead base alloy
Copper base alloy
Tin base alloy
Cadmium base alloy
Remain same
Decreases
Increases
None of these
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Delta metal
Monel metal
Constantan
Nichrome
Cementite
Free graphite
Both A and B
None of these
50 : 50
30 : 70
70 : 30
40 : 60
Silver and some impurities
Refined silver
Nickel, Copper and zinc
Nickel and copper
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Alloy steel
50 : 50
40 : 60
60 : 40
10 : 90
Reduced neutron absorption cross-section
Improved Weldability
Embrittlement
Corrosion resistance
Aluminium
Tin
Zinc
Silver
0.02 %
0.3 %
0.63 %
0.8 %
Elastic properties in all directions
Stresses induced in all directions
Thermal properties in all directions
Electric and magnetic properties in all directions
Formation of bainite structure
Carburised structure
Martenistic structure
Lamellar layers of carbide distributed throughout the structure