Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Alloy steel
A. Low carbon steel
Heated below the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Heated up to the lower critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated slightly above the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly to a temperature of 600°C
None of the above
Cobalt
Nickel
Vanadium
Iron
Cast iron
Vitrified clay
Asbestos cement
Concrete
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Body centered cubic
Face centred cubic
Hexagonal close packed
Cubic structure
Copper and tin
Copper and zinc
Copper and iron
Copper and nickel
In still air
Slowly in the furnace
Suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Any one of these
600°C
700°C
723°C
913°C
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Which are destroyed by burning
Which after their destruction are recycled to produce fresh steel
Which are deoxidised in the ladle with silicon and aluminium
In which carbon is completely burnt
Line defect
Surface defect
Point defect
None of these
Oxides
Carbonates
Sulphides
All of these
Greater than 7
Less than 7
Equal to 7
pH value has nothing to do with neutral solution
Increase
Decrease
Remain same
First increase and then decrease
Naked eye
Optical microscope
Metallurgical microscope
X-ray techniques
Nickel
Chromium
Tungsten
Vanadium
Coordination number
Atomic packing factor
Space lattice
None of these
400°C to 600°C
600°C to 900°C
900°C to 1400°C
1400°C to 1530°C
Nickel
Chromium
Copper
Magnesium
Made by adding carbon in steel
Refined from cast iron
An alloy of iron and carbon with varying quantities of phosphorus and sulphur
Extensively used for making cutting tools
Acts as deoxidiser
Reduces the grain size
Decreases tensile strength and hardness
Lowers the toughness and transverse ductility
α-iron
β-iron
γ-iron
δ-iron
1539°C
1601°C
1489°C
1712°C
Silicon and sulphur
Phosphorous, lead and sulphur
Sulphur, graphite and aluminium
Phosphorous and aluminium
High machinability
Low melting point
High tensile strength
All of the above
Calcined ore (8 parts), coke (4 parts) and limestone (1 part)
Calcined ore (4 parts), coke (1 part) and limestone (8 parts)
Calcined ore (1 part), coke (8 parts) and limestone (4 parts)
Calcined ore, coke and limestone all in equal parts
Cold rolled into sheets
Drawn into wires
Formed into tube
Any one of these
Zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth
Gamma iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel
Alpha iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum
None of the above
63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper
88% copper, 10% tin and rest zinc
Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium
Iron scrap and zinc
Shot peening
Nitriding of surface
Cold working
Surface decarburisation