Lead base alloy
Copper base alloy
Tin base alloy
Cadmium base alloy
C. Tin base alloy
0.1 to 0.5 %
0.5 to 1 %
1 to 5 %
5 to 10 %
Elastic properties in all directions
Stresses induced in all directions
Thermal properties in all directions
Electric and magnetic properties in all directions
Fixed structure at all temperatures
Atoms distributed in random pattern
Different crystal structures at different temperatures
Any one of the above
Manganese
Magnesium
Nickel
Silicon
Is less tough and has a greater tendency to distort during heat treatment
Is more ductile and has a less tendency to distort during heat treatment
Is less tough and has a less tendency to distort during heat treatment
Is more ductile and has a greater tendency to distort during heat treatment
Controls the grade of pig iron
Acts as an iron bearing mineral
Supplies heat to reduce ore and melt the iron
Forms a slag by combining with impurities
Austenite
Pearlite
Ferrite
Cementite
Are used where ease in machining is the criterion
Contain carbon in free form
Require least cutting force
Do not exist
Pearlite
Ferrite
Cementite
Martensite
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Metallic bond
None of these
Cast iron
Cast steel
Brass
Admiralty metal
Alpha iron, beta iron and gamma iron
Alpha iron and beta iron
Body centred cubic iron and face centred cubic iron
Alpha iron, gamma from and delta iron
Carburising
Normalising
Annealing
Tempering
0.025 %
0.06 %
0.1 %
0.25 %
Resilience
Creep
Fatigue strength
Toughness
13% carbon and 87% ferrite
13% cementite and 87% ferrite
13% ferrite and 87% cementite
6.67% carbon and 93.33% iron
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
Naked eye
Optical microscope
Metallurgical microscope
X-ray techniques
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Alloy steel
Hardness
Brittleness
Plasticity
Ductility
0.1 %
0.2 %
0.4 %
0.6 %
Same
Less
More
None of these
Free carbon
Graphite
Cementite
White carbon
Hot hardness
Toughness
Wear resistance
Sharp cutting edge
65% nickel, 15% chromium and 20% iron
68% nickel, 29% copper and 3% other constituents
80% nickel and 20% chromium
80% nickel, 14% chromium and 6% iron
Amorphous material
Mesomorphous material
Crystalline material
None of these
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Ferrite
Pearlite
Austenite
Ferrite and cementite
Makes the iron soft and easily machinable
Increases hardness and brittleness
Make the iron white and hard
Aids fusibility and fluidity