Body centred cubic
Face centred cubic
Hexagonal close packed
Cubic structure
A. Body centred cubic
Chromium and nickel
Sulphur, phosphorus, lead
Vanadium, aluminium
Tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, chromium
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Magnesium alloys
Titanium alloys
Chromium alloys
Magnetic steel alloys
Percentage of carbon
Percentage of alloying elements
Heat treatment employed
Shape of carbides and their distribution in iron
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anticorrosion properties
RC 65
RC 48
RC 57
RC 80
1% silver
2% silver
5% silver
No silver
Cast iron
High speed steel
All nonferrous materials
All of the above
α-iron
β-iron
γ-iron
δ-iron
Mild steel
Alloy steel
High carbon
Tungsten steel
Linear
Nonlinear
Plastic
No fixed relationship
0.5 to 1 %
1.2 %
2.5 to 4.5 %
5 to 7 %
0.1 to 0.3 %
0.3 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
0.8 to 1.5 %
Grey cast iron, low carbon steel, wrought iron
Low carbon steel, grey cast iron, wrought iron
Wrought iron, low carbon steel, grey cast iron
Wrought iron, grey cast iron, low carbon steel
Grain growth, recrystallisation, stress relief
Stress relief, grain growth, recrystallisation
Stress relief, recrystallisation, grain growth
Grain growth, stress relief, recrystallisation
At which crystals first start forming from molten metal when it is cooled
At which new spherical crystals first begin to form from the old deformed one when a strained metal is heated
At which change of allotropic form takes place
At which crystals grow bigger in size
Same
Less
More
None of these
Cast iron
Vitrified clay
Asbestos cement
Concrete
63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper
88% copper and 10% tin and rest zinc
Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium
Silver and chromium
Strength
Stiffness
Toughness
Brittleness
High tensile strength
Its elastic limit close to the ultimate breaking strength
High ductility
All of the above
Removing the impurities like clay, sand etc. from the iron ore by washing with water
Expelling moisture, carbon dioxide, sulphur and arsenic from the iron ore by heating in shallow kilns
Reducing the ore with carbon in the presence of a flux
All of the above
Ferritic stainless steel
Austenitic stainless steel
Martenistic stainless steel
Nickel steel
Carbon
Sulphur
Silicon
Manganese
Carbon in the form of free graphite
High tensile strength
Low compressive strength
All of these
Decrease
Increase
Remain constant
First increase and then decrease
Silver metal
Duralumin
Hastelloy
Invar
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Alloy steel
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Silver
Gold
Copper
Germanium