Strength
Stiffness
Toughness
Brittleness
C. Toughness
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Spheroids
Boron steel
High speed steel
Stainless steel
Malleable cast iron
1539°C
1601°C
1489°C
1712°C
Gun metal
Bronze
Bell metal
Babbitt metal
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High speed steel
Mild steel
Copper
Nickel
Aluminium
Naked eye
Optical microscope
Metallurgical microscope
X-ray techniques
Cold rolled into sheets
Drawn into wires
Formed into tube
Any one of these
High yield point
High fatigue limit
Both (A) and (B)
None of these
30°C to 50°C above upper critical temperature
30°C to 50°C below upper critical temperature
30°C to 50°C above lower critical temperature
30°C to 50°C below lower critical temperature
Makes the iron soft and easily machinable
Increases hardness and brittleness
Make the iron white and hard
Aids fusibility and fluidity
Pig iron
Cast iron
Wrought iron
Steel
Fixed structure at all temperatures
Atoms distributed in random pattern
Different crystal structures at different temperatures
Any one of the above
Along the lines of slag distribution
Perpendicular to lines of slag distribution
Uniform in all directions
None of the above
Pig iron
Cast iron
Wrought iron
Steel
Silicon
Sulphur
Manganese
Phosphorus
Austenite
Pearlite
Ferrite
Cementite
Copper
Brass
Lead
Silver
Silicon
Sulphur
Manganese
Phosphorus
Electroplating
Cyaniding
Induction hardening
Nitriding
In a random manner
In a haphazard way
In circular motion
Back and forth like tiny pendulums
At which crystals first start forming from molten metal when it is cooled
At which new spherical crystals first begin to form from the old deformed one when a strained metal is heated
At which change of allotropic form takes place
At which crystals grow bigger in size
Carbon in the form of carbide
Low tensile strength
High compressive strength
All of these
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Cast iron
Vitrified clay
Asbestos cement
Concrete
Duralumin
Y-alloy
Magnalium
Hindalium
Copper and zinc
Copper and tin
Copper, tin and zinc
None of these
Point defect
Line defect
Plane defect
Volumetric defect
Which are destroyed by burning
Which after their destruction are recycled to produce fresh steel
Which are deoxidised in the ladle with silicon and aluminium
In which carbon is completely burnt
0.1 to 0.2 %
0.25 to 0.5 %
0.6 to 0.7 %
0.7 to 0.9 %