Babbitt metal
Monel metal
Nichrome
Phosphor bronze
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Vanadium
Manganese
Vanadium 4%, chromium 18% and tungsten 1%
Vanadium 1%, chromium 4% and tungsten 18%
Vanadium 18%, chromium 1% and tungsten 4%
None of the above
Malleability
Ductility
Surface finish
Damping characteristics
13% carbon and 87% ferrite
13% cementite and 87% ferrite
13% ferrite and 87% cementite
6.67% carbon and 93.33% iron
0.04 %
0.35 to 0.45 %
0.4 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
Low wear resistance
Low hardness
Low tensile strength
Toughness
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Does not effect
Lowers
Raises
None of these
Grain growth, recrystallisation, stress relief
Stress relief, grain growth, recrystallisation
Stress relief, recrystallisation, grain growth
Grain growth, stress relief, recrystallisation
Silicon
Manganese
Carbon
Chromium
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 78% copper and rest tin
Nickel
Chromium
Copper
Magnesium
Contain the smallest number of atoms which when taken together have all the properties of the crystals of the particular metal
Have the same orientation and their similar faces are parallel
May be defined as the smallest parallelepiped which could be transposed in three coordinate directions to build up the space lattice
All of the above
It is prone to age hardening
It can be forged
It has good machining properties
It is lighter than pure aluminium
Cast iron
High speed steel
All nonferrous materials
All of the above
Brittle
Hard
Ductile
Tough
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% ti
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Mild steel
Copper
Nickel
Aluminium
Wholly pearlite
Wholly austenite
Pearlite and ferrite
Pearlite and cementite
0.2 %
0.8 %
1.3 %
2 %
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in compression
Ability to recover its original form
Ability to undergo large permanent deformations in tension
All of the above
Sulphur
Vanadium
Tin
Zinc
80% or more iron
50% or more iron
Alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper
Elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities
Silicon and sulphur
Phosphorous, lead and sulphur
Sulphur, graphite and aluminium
Phosphorous and aluminium
Hot working
Tempering
Normalising
Annealing
Nickel steel
Chrome steel
Nickel-chrome steel
Silicon steel
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material