0.5 to 1 %
1.2 %
2.5 to 4.5 %
5 to 7 %
C. 2.5 to 4.5 %
Hardening surface of work-piece to obtain hard and wear resistant surface
Heating and cooling rapidly
Increasing hardness throughout
Inducing hardness by continuous process
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% ti
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
600 VPN
1500 VPN
1000 to 1100 VPN
250 VPN
Nickel, copper and iron
Nickel, copper and zinc
Copper, nickel and antimony
Iron, zinc and bismuth
50 : 50
30 : 70
70 : 30
40 : 60
RC 65
RC 48
RC 57
RC 80
0.1 to 0.3 %
0.3 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
0.8 to 1.5 %
94% aluminium, 4% copper and 0.5% Mn, Mg, Si and Fe
92.5% aluminium, 40% copper, 2% nickel, and 1.5% Mg
10% aluminium and 90% copper
90% magnesium and 9% aluminium with some copper
Coordination number
Atomic packing factor
Space lattice
None of these
1% silver
2.5% silver
5% silver
10% silver
Decrease
Increase
Remain constant
First increase and then decrease
Cold rolled into sheets
Drawn into wires
Formed into tube
Any one of these
Formation of bainite structure
Carburised structure
Martenistic structure
Lamellar layers of carbide distributed throughout the structure
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Machinability
Hardness
Hardness and strength
Strength and ductility
0.05 %
0.15 %
0.3 %
0.5 %
High tensile strength
Its elastic limit close to the ultimate breaking strength
High ductility
All of the above
Sulphur
Vanadium
Tin
Zinc
Hot hardness
Toughness
Wear resistance
Sharp cutting edge
Copper and zinc
Copper and tin
Copper, tin and zinc
None of these
Electroplating
Cyaniding
Induction hardening
Nitriding
Shot peening
Nitriding of surface
Cold working
Surface decarburisation
Case hardening
Flame hardening
Nitriding
Any one of these
Blast furnace
Cupola
Open hearth furnace
Bessemer converter
Stainless steel
High speed steel
Invar
Heat resisting steel
Boron steel
High speed steel
Stainless steel
Malleable cast iron
0.04 %
0.35 to 0.45 %
0.4 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
Refine the grain structure
Remove strains caused by cold working
Remove dislocations caused in the internal structure due to hot working
All of the above
Chromium and nickel
Nickel and molybdenum
Aluminium and zinc
Tungsten and sulphur