Grey cast iron, low carbon steel, wrought iron
Low carbon steel, grey cast iron, wrought iron
Wrought iron, low carbon steel, grey cast iron
Wrought iron, grey cast iron, low carbon steel
A. Grey cast iron, low carbon steel, wrought iron
600°C
700°C
723°C
913°C
Nickel
Chromium
Nickel and chromium
Sulphur, lead and phosphorus
Chromium and nickel
Nickel and molybdenum
Aluminium and zinc
Tungsten and sulphur
Bessemer process
Open hearth process
Electric process
LD process
Stainless steel
High speed steel
Invar
Heat resisting steel
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium
Greater than 7
Less than 7
Equal to 7
pH value has nothing to do with neutral solution
Strength
Stiffness
Toughness
Brittleness
Cast iron
Pig iron
Wrought iron
Malleable iron
Promotes decarburisation
Provides high hot hardness
Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
Promotes retention of austenite
Copper
Chromium
Nickel
Silicon
Stiffness
Ductility
Resilience
Plasticity
770°C
910°C
1050°C
Below recrystallisation temperature
Nickel
Chromium
Tungsten
Vanadium
Yield point increases
Ductility decreases
Ultimate tensile strength increases
All of these
Case hardening
Flame hardening
Nitriding
Any one of these
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 78% copper and rest tin
Face centred cubic space lattice
Body centred cubic space lattice
Close packed hexagonal space lattice
None of these
Increase hardenability
Reduce machinability
Increase wear resistance
Increase endurance strength
Below 723°C
770 to 910°C
910 to 1440°C
1400 to 1539°C
0.5% of phosphorous
1% phosphorous
2.5% phosphorous
None of the above
Delta metal
Monel metal
Constantan
Nichrome
Sulphur
Phosphorus
Manganese
Silicon
0.025 %
0.26 %
0.8 %
1.7 %
Large surface wear
Elevated temperatures
Light load and pressure
High pressure and load
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Spheroids
Silver metal
Duralumin
Hastelloy
Invar
There is no critical point
There is only one critical point
There are two critical points
There can be any number of critical points
Modulus of elasticity is fairly low
Wear resistance is very good
Fatigue strength is not high
Creep strength limits its use to fairly low temperatures
Mild steel
Cast iron
HSS
High carbon