What is false regarding biopsy-taking from interstitial cystitis bladder?
no pathognomonic histology for interstitial cystitis
basically, biopsies are performed to exclude carcinomas and other varieties of cystitis
diagnostic biopsies include the presence of discrete micro-ulcers and increased numbers of mast cells in the detrusor muscle or submucosa
none of the above
Correct Answer :
C. diagnostic biopsies include the presence of discrete micro-ulcers and increased numbers of mast cells in the detrusor muscle or submucosa
no pathognomonic histology is present for interstitial cystitis. Basically, biopsies are performed to exclude carcinomas and other varieties of cystitis.
Related Questions
All of the following etiologies for interstitial cystitis have been theorized, EXCEPT:
allergic, type I hypersensitivity response
pelvic floor dysfunction
up-regulation of histaminergic and muscarinic neuro-receptors
neural hypersensitivity
What is true concerning HIV infection?
HIV is a retrovirus that infects B-cells and dendritic cells
circumcised men are at lower risk for HIV infection
HPV infection increases the risk for cancers in HIV patients by 6.3 times
plasma HIV RNA load is a predictor of disease remission
Irritative LUTS and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women are most likely to be due to:
giggle incontinence
estrogen deficiency
cystitis glandularis
cystitis cystica
What is the percentage of occurrence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in symptomatic lower UTIs in young sexually active females?
5%
10%
15%
20%
What type of scrotal ulcers is painless, punched out, with yellowish grey floor?
tuberculous ulcer
malignant ulcer
gummatous ulcers
traumatic ulcer
What is false concerning corpora amylacea of the prostate?
are premalignant, and found in 1-6% of prostate biopsies
are small hyaline masses of unknown significance found in the prostate gland
they are degenerate cells or thickened secretions in the prostate ducts
might appear as prostate calcifications on X-ray KUB
What is false concerning post UTI renal scarring in pediatrics?
the incidence of scarring following a single episode of febrile UTI is 4.5%
intra-renal reflux is common in convex papillae
scarring and chronic pyelonephritis lead to hypertension in 10-20%
scarring is best detected and followed up by DMSA
Ureteral dilation in schistosomiasis could be due to:
vesicoureteral reflux
stenosis of the lower ureter
edematous ureteral wall causing deficient peristalsis
any of the above
Asymptomatic bacteriuria should be treated in the following situations:
in the elderly
in long-term catheterized patient
in pregnancy
none of the above
What group of patients should be treated for UTI only when symptomatic?
patients with indwelling catheters
neurogenic bladder patients on CIC
pregnant women
children under 5 years
What virus(s) could cause orchitis?
Coxsackie B
Epstein-Barr
varicella
all of the above
What condition(s) could occur in schistosomal ureter?
beading of the lower ureteral segment
ureteral fibrosis and calcifications of the distal ureter
stricture at the uretero-vesical junction
all of the above
What antimicrobial agent treats UTI and does NOT alter the gut flora?
trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole
fluoroquinolones
aminoglycosides
nitrofurantoins
What is false concerning foreign body cystitis?
most commonly due to indwelling catheters
the areas of inflammation are usually confined to the lateral walls or the dome of the bladder
radiographic changes are nonspecific or present as bullous edema
indwelling catheters are associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
What is false regarding pediatric renal parenchyma scarring?
chronic pyelonephritis and HTN lead to ESRD in 10% of the cases
neonatal symptoms of UTI are vague and non-specific, that delay the diagnosis and end in more scarring
despite adequate treatment, scarring continues after an attack of pyelonephritis as a chronic immune reaction against renal tubules
neonates have low intrarenal pelvic pressure, that predisposes to ascending infections
What is false concerning Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis?
is most commonly associated with Proteus or E. coli infection
is characterized by lipid-laden foamy macrophages
the overall prognosis is poor
it might involve adjacent structures or organs
What is essential on diagnosing bladder pain syndrome BPS/IC?
sterile pyuria on 3 consecutive cultures
the presence of glomerulations and/or Hunner`s ulcer on endoscopy
pain and discomfort related to the bladder
urgency and frequency with no documented infection
What is the most common serotype of HPV associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?
16
18
22
12
What is false concerning chronic orchialgia syndrome?
it is a constant or intermittent pain of testes for more than 3 months
could be due to appendix testis torsion-detorsion
could be due to radiculitis resulting from a degenerative lesion in the thoraco-lumber vertebrae
could be a result of entrapment neuropathy of ilioinguinal or genitofemoral nerve
What is false concerning inverted papilloma of the bladder?
It is an endophytic tumor of the transitional urothelium
harbors p53 gene mutations
presents with hematuria, dysuria, and irritative voiding
the lesion requires transurethral resection
What is the estimated risk of untreated Chlamydial infections in producing pelvic inflammatory disease?
1 2.7%
5 9%
10 27%
30 47%
What is true regarding contrast CT imaging for a renal abscess?
abscess appears as a low attenuation cystic cavity containing gas
renal parenchyma around the abscess cavity may show hypo enhancement in nephrogram phase
associated fascial and septal thickening are seen with obliteration of perinephric fat
all of the above
As per NIH classification of prostatitis, which type requires no treatment?
type I
type II
type III
type IV
What is (are) the prominent clinical finding(s) in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis?
fever, chills, abdominal pain
costovertibral angle tenderness
hypogastric and loin pain
flank pain, dysuria
What is false regarding Gonorrheal STD in women?
nucleic acid amplification tests are the preferred to diagnose Gonococcal and Chlamydial infections
shows dark yellow, purulent, thick urethral discharge
the most common site of the infection is the endocervix
the incubation period is 2 3 weeks
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with interstitial cystitis?
inflammatory bowel disease
rheumatoid arthritis
systemic lupus erythematosus
fibromyalgia
What type of human Herpes virus is implicated in all forms of Kaposi sarcoma?
2
6
7
8
What is false concerning acute pyelonephritis?
CBC reveals leucocytosis with predominance of neutrophils
contrast CT reveals one or more focal wedge-like swollen regions of the kidney parenchyma, sparing the cortex, and demonstrating reduced enhancement rim sign
in children, recurrent acute pyelonephritis might lead to renal scarring
in pregnancy, recurrent acute pyelonephritis might lead to preterm labor
What is the proper term to describe high bacterial count in urine without pus?
asymptomatic bacteriuria
sterile pyouria
bacterial colonization
unresolved bacteriuria
What host`s factors do NOT increase the risk of developing infections?
advanced age
anatomical anomalies
poor drug compliance
smoking