What is (are) the cause(s) of recurrent community acquired UTI in women?
uncontrolled DM
sexual activity with multiple partners
high vaginal receptivity to bacterial adherence
all of the above
Correct Answer :
D. all of the above
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
What is false concerning esinophilic cystitis?
probably due to antibody/antigen reaction
has no diagnostic findings on cystoscopy
has no specific medical therapy
on histology, Von Brunn`s nests appear invaginating the urothelium into the lamina propria
What could cause unresolved bacteriuria?
drug resistance
non-compliance
the presence of persistent pathology
all of the above
What type of human Herpes virus is implicated in all forms of Kaposi sarcoma?
2
6
7
8
What is the average age of onset of BPS/IC patients?
30
40
50
60
HIV infection increases the incidence of the following cancers, EXCEPT:
Kaposi sarcoma,
Hodgkin lymphoma
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
cervical cancer
What could cause scrotal sinus?
improperly drained hair follicle scrotal abscess
syphilitic orchitis
tuberculous epididymitis
all of the above
What is true concerning scrotal abscesses?
could be a complication of chronic epididymitis and orchalgia
testicular torsion must be excluded
infected hair follicles and scrotal lacerations are predisposing factors
urethral discharge is not uncommon presentation
What is true regarding nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder?
results from ectopic nephrogenic blastema cells in the detrusor muscle
might undergo malignant transformation in 15 40% of the cases
on cystoscopy, it appears as a bladder mucosal irregularity or large intramural mass
the preferred treatment is cystectomy and urinary diversion
Using low-dose prophylactic or suppressive antimicrobials might be an option in treating the following type of prostatitis:
acute bacterial prostatitis presenting with abscess formation
recurrent or refractory chronic bacterial prostatitis
asymptomatic prostatitis with pyuria resistant to common antimicrobials
curiously, chronic inflammatory prostatitis could respond to low-dose suppressive antibiotic
A 40 yrs. man presents with clinical acute pyelonephritis, on intravenous antibiotics for 4 days, CT shows a renal abscess. What is next in the treatment?
carry on the full antibiotic course, and then repeat CT
incision and drainage of the renal abscess with/without nephrectomy
the abscess size dictates management
perc. drainage of the renal abscess
What is false regarding pediatric renal parenchyma scarring?
chronic pyelonephritis and HTN lead to ESRD in 10% of the cases
neonatal symptoms of UTI are vague and non-specific, that delay the diagnosis and end in more scarring
despite adequate treatment, scarring continues after an attack of pyelonephritis as a chronic immune reaction against renal tubules
neonates have low intrarenal pelvic pressure, that predisposes to ascending infections
Which of the following does NOT cause unresolved bacteriuria?
giant staghorn stone
perivesical abscess with fistula to the bladder
bacterial resistance
self-inflicted infection
Histologically, the pathognomonic finding of Fournier gangrene include:
necrosis of the superficial and deep fascial planes
fibrinoid thrombosis of the nutrient arterioles
polymorphonuclear cell infiltration
all of the above
A 60 yrs. man underwent TURP for, only, obstructive LUTS. Histology of prostate chips reveals prostatitis. What NIH type of prostatitis would it be?
type I
type II
type III
type IV
What type of bladder cells secretes antiproliferative factor?
bladder epithelial cells
type C nerve endings in the bladder
type A delta nerve endings in the bladder
the innermost longitudinal fibres of detrusor muscle
What are the sequelae of recurrent uncomplicated UTI in young women?
minimal
chronic persistent infections
chronic relapsing infections
bouts of chronic pyelonephritis
What is false concerning Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis?
is most commonly associated with Proteus or E. coli infection
is characterized by lipid-laden foamy macrophages
the overall prognosis is poor
it might involve adjacent structures or organs
What is the most common serotype of HPV associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?
16
18
22
12
Under which surgical wound classification, does diagnostic cystoscopy under sterile technique fit?
dirty - infected
contaminated
clean - contaminated
clean
In males, HIV infection increases the incidence of the following genitourinary tumors:
testicular
renal
penile
all of the above
What is false concerning antiretroviral medications?
multiple antiretroviral drugs can be combined into a single pill
might cause radiolucent renal stones
can lead to a significant rise in the serum level of PDE5 inhibitors, if taken simultaneously
have the advantage of structured treatment interruptions (drug holidays)
What is the estimated risk of untreated Chlamydial infections in producing pelvic inflammatory disease?
1 2.7%
5 9%
10 27%
30 47%
During the initial 3-month period of HIV infection, what would be the best diagnostic lab test?
viral load assay
western blot analysis
southern blot analysis
HIV-1/HIV-2 serology assay
What group of patients should be treated for UTI only when symptomatic?
patients with indwelling catheters
neurogenic bladder patients on CIC
pregnant women
children under 5 years
Patients with bladder pain syndrome have:
a history of repeated urologic and/or gynecologic procedures
10 fold higher incidence of childhood voiding problems
4 fold higher incidence of anxiety-depression syndrome
6 fold higher incidence of psychosomatic disorders
What is false concerning the cystoscopic findings of interstitial cystitis?
Hunner`s ulcers are multiple ulcerative patches surrounded by mucosal congestion on the dome or lateral walls
ulcers might get distorted after overdistention, because discrete areas of mucosal scarring rupture during the procedure
in non-ulcerative type, overdistention demonstrates glomerulations on the dome and lateral walls
overdistention results in mucosal tears and submucosal hemorrhage
Epididymal cysts are common in the following conditions,
EXCEPT:
von Hippel-Lindau disease
tuberous sclerosis
cystic fibrosis
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
The relative risk of prostate cancer in men with HIV compared to uninfected individuals is:
greater than 8 fold
greater than 6 fold
greater than 4 fold
comparable
Which of the following has NO role in bacterial colonization in the prostate?
intra-prostatic ductal reflux
paraphimosis
specific blood groups
unprotected anal intercourse
What is true regarding balanoposthitis?
is best diagnosed by ascending urethrography
occurs mostly in diabetic and immunosuppressed patients
could be due to maceration injury, irritant dermatitis, or Candida
commonly presents with deep inguinal lymphadenopathy