What is NOT a contraindication to BCG treatment?
history of pulmonary TB
total incontinence
immunosuppression
impaired renal function
Correct Answer :
D. impaired renal function
TB infection might flare up on administering BCG. Patients with total can`t withhold BCG treatment inside the bladder. Immunosuppressed individuals can`t exhibit the required response to BCG treatment.
Related Questions
The 5-yr survival rates of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer are:
40 - 55%
55 - 70%
70 - 85%
85 - 100%
During women`s life span, what percentage of women will develop keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder?
10%
20%
30%
40%
What is false concerning carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) of urinary tract?
frequently found in association with high-grade or extensive TCC
has a rate of progression to muscle invasion of 10-25%
significant areas of CIS are easily missed by routine cystoscopy
treatment begins with TURBT
Immediately following transurethral resection of bladder tumors, intravesical installation of which material(s) is(are) contraindicated?
epirubicin
mitomycin c
BCG
none of the above
What is true regarding inverted papilloma of the bladder?
the standard treatment is transurethral resection
the prognosis for inverted papilloma is pathetic, with a recurrence rate of approximately 65%
the likelihood of synchronous urothelial carcinoma is 26%
has been shown to harbor p53 gene mutations
What might occur while resecting a bladder mass at the posterolateral wall?
bladder perforation
obturator nerve reflex
vesico-ureteral reflux
terrible bleeding
What is the commonest type of tumors occurring in the penile urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
What is the commonest type of primary urethral tumors?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
Which of the following statements concerning lymphatic drainage of the male urethra is true?
the anterior urethra drains into the inguinal and pelvic nodes
the posterior urethra drains into the pelvic nodes
the proximal two-thirds drain into the external and internal iliac nodes
the distal one-third drains into the obturator nodes
What is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of a suspected urethral cancer?
ascending urethrography
voiding cystourethrography
MRI
IVU
Intravesical installation of BCG should NOT be given soon after bladder tumor resection (TURBT) because:
there will be no target tumor tissue to work on
post-op. hematuria interacts unfavorably with BCG composition
of the risk of systemic absorption and sepsis
of the high risk of BCG reflux to kidneys while bladder irrigation
What is the commonest type of tumor occurring in urethral diverticuli?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
In what percentages do upper tract urothelial tumors develop in patients with a bladder urothelial cancer?
2 - 4%
4 - 6%
6 - 8%
8 - 10%
While resecting a large bladder tumor located at the right lateral wall, the surgeon observes a bladder perforation, what should next step be?
continue the procedure as perforations at this site do no harm
abort the procedure and leave a urethral catheter
convert tumor removal to open method and repair the defect
perform abdominal exploration and manage accordingly
In women, what is the commonest type of cancers occurring in the proximal urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing upper urinary tract tumors?
obesity
consuming artificial sweeteners
asbestosis
analgesic abuse
Regarding ureteral cancers, what is the commonest part of tumor development?
upper ureter
middle ureter
lower ureter
comparable
Which of the following does NOT predispose to bladder cancer?
working with organic chemicals and dyes
abuse of pain-control medications especially phenacetin
exposure to arsenic and aromatic amines
schistosomiasis
Risk factors for recurrence and progression of bladder cancers include the following:
multifocality
high tumor grade and advanced stage
presence of CIS
all of the above
What is (are) the classic presentation(s) of bladder cancers?
irritative bladder symptoms
obstructive bladder symptoms
palpable suprapubic mass on physical examination
painless profuse hematuria
Common benign urethral tumors include all of the following,
EXCEPT:
leiomyoma
hemangioma
fibroepithelial polyp
lymphangioma
Bladder tumors with hydronephrosis are:
often of high-grade sarcomas
often associated with muscularis propria invasion
due to vesical polyps occluding ureteric orifices
should be resected but not diathermized
What is the most effective adjuvant intravesical therapy for bladder tumors?
cisplatin
BCG
mitomycin C
5-fluorouracil
What percentage of bladder cancers is squamous cell type in origin?
2%
5%
70%
90%
In what percentages of patients do bilateral upper tract tumors occur either synchronously or metachronously?
0.6 - 2%
2 - 6%
6 - 10%
12 - 16%
Concerning upper tract urothelial tumors, what is the single most important predictor of outcome?
tumor stage
tumor grade
lymphovascular invasion
lymph node spread
What type of bladder cancers might be caused by Schistosoma haematobium infection?
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
small cell carcinoma
On diagnosing bladder cancers, what advantage does urine cytology has over tumor markers?
high specificity
high sensitivity
high reliability
strong validity
What is the commonest type of tumors occurring in the female urethra?
adenocarcinoma
transitional cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
comparable
What is false regarding the symptomatology of urethral cancers?
obstructive LUTS are common presentations and occur in association with carcinoma in situ
might present as perineal abscesses and fistulae
could be asymptomatic
venereal diseases increase the risk of urethral cancers