Which of the following carries the greatest risk of HIV transmission to health care workers?
splash of patient`s blood to the eyes
splash of patient`s blood to the mouth
surgical suture needle stick
hollow bore needle stick
Correct Answer :
D. hollow bore needle stick
the inoculum contained in the hollow needle is the biggest.
Related Questions
The commonest neoplasms that metastasize to kidneys come from:
breasts
thyroids
lungs
liver
What is the most frequent anomaly associated with multicystic renal dysplasia?
ureteral atresia
vesicoureteral reflux
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
ureteral duplication
Which statement is false concerning the dipstick method for detecting hematuria?
depends on the ability of hemoglobin to oxidize a chromogen indicator
negative results need to be confirmed by microscopic examination
has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 75%
the presence of many epithelial cells suggests skin or vaginal contamination
What is the number of bacteria per high-power field microscopy that matches colony counts of 100,000/mL?
100
50
10
5
Which of the following process(es) is (are) reversible?
5α-reductase enzyme reduces testosterone to DHT
aromatase enzyme reduces testosterone to estrogen
PSA molecule binds to α1-antichymotrypsin and α2-macroglobulin
none of the above
Which type of urinary casts are solidified TammHorsfall mucoproteins secreted from the tubular epithelial cells of individual nephrons?
granular
hyaline
waxy
pigment
Which statement is false concerning smegma?
it is the white secretion produced under the foreskin in males
it has a crucial role in penile cancer development
it contains lysozymes, chymotrypsin, neutrophil elastase and cytokines
female smegma can be found between the labia
Which period of intrauterine life does the process of organ formation (organogenesis) take place?
9 12 weeks
12 15 weeks
15 18 weeks
18 21 weeks
What is the earliest clinical sign of puberty in boys?
hoarseness of voice
enlargement of testes
appearance of axillary hair
change in body odor
What degrades semenogelin and determines the consistency of the seminal coagulum is:
spermine
acid phosphatase
PSA
semenoglobulin
What is false concerning coagulase splitting bacteria (Griess) test?
it is a reduction reaction that converts nitrate to nitrite
nitrazine reagent papers are used to elicit the reaction
it is false negative in diluted urine, on taking vitamin C, and in gram +ve bacteria
the reaction takes 4 minutes to complete
What class of antibiotics might cause vestibular and/or auditory impairment?
aminoglycosides
αantipseudomonal penicillins
cephalosporins
fluoroquinolones
Hematuria of glomerular origin is associated with:
significant proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts
glycosuria, eumorphic RBCs, WBC casts
hypercalciuria, eumorphic RBCs, granular casts
proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs, hyaline casts
Which of the following does NOT increase in prostate cancer?
human kallikrein 2
pro-PSA
free PSA
complexed PSA
What do urine tests examine to detect hematuria?
catalase activity of erythrocytes
peroxidase activity of erythrocytes
lyase activity of erythrocytes
none of the above
How does estrogen prevent lower UTI in postmenopausal women?
increasing vaginal secretions
decreasing vaginal pH
increasing normal vaginal flora
decreasing bacterial adherence
In which body tissue(s) are creatine and phosphocreatine converted to creatinine?
bone marrow
skeletal muscles
brown fat
liver
What are the first and second most common zones from where prostate cancers arise?
central then transitional
peripheral then transitional
peripheral then central
transitional then central
In utero, which hormone stimulates the development of the prostate gland?
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
Beside renal excretion of sodium, what does atrial natriuretic hormone cause?
constriction of renal afferent arterioles
renin inhibition
aldosterone stimulation
rise in systemic blood pressure
What is the nerve supply of the adrenal gland?
sympathetic to the medulla
parasympathetic to the medulla
sympathetic to the cortex
parasympathetic to the cortex
Where is the centre of reflex erection located at?
the brain cortex
the sacral cord
the lumbar cord
the hypothalamus
What is the prime effect of antidiuretic hormone on kidneys?
increase collecting duct permeability
increase medullary blood flow
decrease cortical blood flow
decrease potassium secretion
Which group(s) of lymph nodes drain(s) the glans penis?
internal and external iliac
superficial inguinal
deep inguinal
superficial and deep inguinal
At which condition is alpha-fetoprotein most frequently elevated?
infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast
seminoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
malignant melanoma
What causes pink diaper syndrome is (are):
Staphylococcus epidermidis in the urine
dried urate crystals on the diaper
Adenovirus 11 in the urine
Candidiasis in the urine
Which of the renal artery occlusive conditions, commonly, do NOT affect renal function?
intimal fibroplasia
medial fibroplasia
medial hyperplasia
serosal hyperplasia
Between which 2 fascial planes does the prostatic neurovascular bundle travel?
prostatic fascia and levator fascia
prostate capsule and prostatic fascia
Denonvilliers fascia and prostate capsule
Denonvilliers fascia and endopelvic fascia
Which agent should be avoided during living-related donor nephrectomy?
ice slush
heparin
norepinephrine
methylene blue
Which artery is NOT a branch of the anterior division of internal iliac artery?
superior vesical artery
inferior vesical artery
superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery