seminal vesicles
the prostate
testes
bulbourethral glands
B. the prostate
lower ureteral stricture
ureteral valve
modified Lich-Gregoire ureteral reimplantation
residual dilation of hydroureter
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Chlamydia trachomatis
E. coli
Neisseria gonorrhea
superior vesical artery
inferior vesical artery
superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
increase collecting duct permeability
increase medullary blood flow
decrease cortical blood flow
decrease potassium secretion
sterility is the rule
has a considerable short life span
treatment requires testicular microdissection and sperm extraction
47 XXY karyotype
kidney stones
glomerulonephritis
BPH
bladder cancer
erythropoietin
renin
angiotensin I
angiotensinogen
brain stem
C2 C4
S2 - S4
L2 - L4
trauma to the prostate
digital rectal examination
urinary retention
prostatitis
16
32
64
90
occurs due to the interaction between the chemical components of the urine and polyvinyl chloride material in the urine bag
it is commonly symptomless
more common in female nursing home residents
commonly implicated bacteria are K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, E. coli
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics
potassium sparing diuretics
osmotic diuretics
central then transitional
peripheral then transitional
peripheral then central
transitional then central
scattered radiation from the unleaded wall
scattered radiation from the patient
scattered radiation from the floor and ceiling
radiation from the primary beam
are cross ectopic
are at their normal position
travel with the kidneys
undergo ischemic atrophy
dehydration
myoglobinuria
high doses of vitamin C
all of the above
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
each epididymis can be palpable at the postero-lateral surface of the testis
has 3 parts; head, body, and tail
new batches of sperms stay in the epididymis around 2 days for maturation
shares the same blood supply of the testis
α1-A
α2-A
α1-B
α2-B
at mid-day
at the hour of sleep
in the morning
late afternoon
ribosome
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
GnRH
testosterone
LH
FSH
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
aldosterone
hypocalcemia
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D
there are 4 surgical segments of the kidney, based on the segmental artery distribution
along the kidney convexity, there is an avascular plane
there are no collaterals between segmental arteries
in < 10%, the posterior branch is the first to branch off the renal artery
perineal membrane
deep transverse perineal muscle
urethral sphincter
Camper`s fascia
long arm of X chromosome
long arm of Y chromosome
short arm of Y chromosome
short arm of X chromosome
human kallikrein 2
pro-PSA
free PSA
complexed PSA
vancomycin
cefotaxime
penicillin G
tobramycin
oxalate
struvite
urate
cystine