During fluoroscopy, what is the main source of radiation hazards that urologists could be exposed to?
scattered radiation from the unleaded wall
scattered radiation from the patient
scattered radiation from the floor and ceiling
radiation from the primary beam
Correct Answer :
B. scattered radiation from the patient
self-explanatory.
Related Questions
What is the most common cause of hematuria in men over 60 yrs.?
kidney stones
glomerulonephritis
BPH
bladder cancer
Which structure is a part of the renal hilum?
renal pelvis
branches of the renal artery
tributaries of renal vein
all of the above
In utero, which hormone stimulates the development of the prostate gland?
estradiol
DHT
FSH
testosterone
What causes pink diaper syndrome is (are):
Staphylococcus epidermidis in the urine
dried urate crystals on the diaper
Adenovirus 11 in the urine
Candidiasis in the urine
What is the appropriate intravenous maintenance fluid for a 16 kg girl?
43 ml/hr of normal saline
78 ml/hr of ¼ normal saline
69 ml/hr of ½ normal saline
54 ml/hr of ¼ normal saline
Which part of the male urethra is the narrowest?
the membranous
the bladder neck
the bulbous
the external urethral meatus
What is the most likely diagnosis of an erectile dysfunction patient with low plasma testosterone and high prolactin levels?
pituitary adenoma
adrenal adenoma
Kallmann syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
What degrades semenogelin and determines the consistency of the seminal coagulum is:
spermine
acid phosphatase
PSA
semenoglobulin
At which type of renal tubular acidosis (RTA), typically, potassium levels increase?
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
What are the abnormalities that might accompany complete ureteral duplications?
reflux to the upper pole ureter, obstruction to the lower pole ureter
reflux to the lower pole ureter, obstruction to the upper pole ureter
left ureteropelvic junction obstruction, right ureterocele
right ureteropelvic junction obstruction, left ureterocele
Which drug does NOT result in urinary retention?
terazosin, antihypertensive
benzodiazepines, psychotropic medicine
levodopa, anti-Parkinsonism medicine
brimonidine, glaucoma eye drops
Which statement regarding post-obstructive diuresis (POD) is false?
urine production exceeding 200 ml/hr for 2 consecutive hours or producing greater than 3 L of urine in 24 hours is diagnostic of POD
pathologic POD can be exacerbated by excessive fluid replacement
the replacement fluid choice is ringer lactate
fluid resuscitation depends on the degree of dehydration
Which of the following is false regarding Addison`s disease?
autoimmune disease in 70% of the cases
diagnosed by the rapid ACTH stimulation test
characterized by low serum sodium and high potassium
may coexist with hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus
Which antibiotic is the best to treat soft tissue infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitalized patients?
vancomycin
cefotaxime
penicillin G
tobramycin
Which of the following does asymptomatic hematuria workup include?
cystoscopy
CT urography
urine cytology
all of the above
Which statement is false concerning the dipstick method for detecting hematuria?
depends on the ability of hemoglobin to oxidize a chromogen indicator
negative results need to be confirmed by microscopic examination
has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 75%
the presence of many epithelial cells suggests skin or vaginal contamination
What causes pure testicular feminization is:
over estrogen synthesis
defective end-organ androgen response
extra X chromosome (XXY)
failure of genital ridge regression
How many renal papillae are there in a typical kidney?
4 to 6
7 to 9
10 to 12
13 to 14
Which area in the nervous system is tested by bulbocavernosus reflex?
brain stem
C2 C4
S2 - S4
L2 - L4
Which agent is safe to kidneys?
amoxicillin
gentamycin
diclofenac
herb extract
Which agent is most likely to cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
cisplatin
ifosfamide
phosphomycin
amphotericin B
Which of the following mediates calcium reabsorption in the distal renal tubules?
aldosterone
hypocalcemia
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D
Which of the following does NOT affect serum creatinine?
gender
age
obstructing stone at left lower ureter
rhabdomyolysis
Which class of the following diuretics could cause erectile dysfunction?
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics
potassium sparing diuretics
osmotic diuretics
Which of the following process(es) is (are) reversible?
5α-reductase enzyme reduces testosterone to DHT
aromatase enzyme reduces testosterone to estrogen
PSA molecule binds to α1-antichymotrypsin and α2-macroglobulin
none of the above
What is the function of PSA in semen?
increases semen volume
has antimicrobial activity
liquefies the seminal coagulum
decreases semen pH
When should a 70 yrs. man with 40 ml prostate volume, and total PSA of 2.0 ng/ml, go for a prostate biopsy?
if PSA reading had exceeded 2.7 ng/ml over 12 months
if free PSA reading was less than 0.4 ng/ml
if total PSA reading was greater than 8 ng/ml
any of the above
What is the number of bacteria per high-power field microscopy that matches colony counts of 100,000/mL?
100
50
10
5
Which statement concerning urine pH is false?
influenced by food and medications
renal stones form at the extremes of pH range
reliable only when measured by 24 hr. urine collection
ranges from 4 7
What is false concerning the collecting system structures of a typical kidney?
the renal pelvis could be intra or extra renal
the renal pelvis divides into 2 or 3 major calyces
major calyces divide into 2 or 3 minor calyces
unlike lateral calyces, polar calyces are often paired