Which of the following factors increases the risk of UTI due to facilitation of microbial ascent?
sexual activity
the use of spermicide
estrogen depletion
fecal incontinence
Correct Answer :
D. fecal incontinence
fecal incontinence causes perineal soil and promotes ascending infections.
Related Questions
What type of scrotal ulcers is painless, punched out, with yellowish grey floor?
tuberculous ulcer
malignant ulcer
gummatous ulcers
traumatic ulcer
What is NOT a complication of mumps orchitis?
infertility
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
non seminomatous germ cell tumor
chronic orchalgia
How should a proper routine urine specimen be collected?
early morning sample, after cleansing the perineum and meatus
by urethral catheterization under strict aseptic technique
a clean catch of midstream voided urine
by suprapubic aspiration, as urine is sterile
What type of human Herpes virus is implicated in all forms of Kaposi sarcoma?
2
6
7
8
What is the estimated risk of untreated Chlamydial infections in producing pelvic inflammatory disease?
1 2.7%
5 9%
10 27%
30 47%
What is true concerning scrotal abscesses?
could be a complication of chronic epididymitis and orchalgia
testicular torsion must be excluded
infected hair follicles and scrotal lacerations are predisposing factors
urethral discharge is not uncommon presentation
What is true concerning HIV infection?
HIV is a retrovirus that infects B-cells and dendritic cells
circumcised men are at lower risk for HIV infection
HPV infection increases the risk for cancers in HIV patients by 6.3 times
plasma HIV RNA load is a predictor of disease remission
As per NIH classification of prostatitis, which type requires no treatment?
type I
type II
type III
type IV
What is the most important pharmacokinetic property of a drug to cure UTI?
mode of administration
level in the serum
level in the urine
dosage
What is false concerning urinary catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI)?
once a catheter is placed, the daily incidence of bacteriuria is 3-10%
on long-term catheterization, over 90% of patients develop bacteriuria
the practice of using urinary catheters to control incontinence in bedridden patients should be discouraged
urine bags should be placed on the floor to enhance gravity drainage
What is the mortality rate of emphysematous pyelonephritis?
43%
53%
63%
73%
What does NOT predispose to acute epididymitis is:
TUR ejaculatory duct
prolonged urethral catheterization
prostatic biopsy
vas ligation
What is true concerning granulomatous inflammation of the prostate?
is a common cause of elevated PSA level
might follow BCG treatment
is sequelae of untreated type III-b prostatitis
shows homogenous enhancement following Gd-DTPA on prostate MRI
What is false about urinary catheters?
condom catheters carry less risk of UTI if compared to urethral
suprapubic catheters carry less risk of UTI if compared to urethral
latex catheters carry less risk of UTI if compared to silicon
intermittent catheterization carry less risk of UTI if compared to indwelling catheters
What condition does NOT present as an acute loin pain with fever and marked flank tenderness?
ascending UTI causing acute lobar nephronia
acute pyelonephritis in a transplanted kidney
infected renal subcapsular hematoma
perinephric abscess causing septicemia
A 40 yrs. man presents with clinical acute pyelonephritis, on intravenous antibiotics for 4 days, CT shows a renal abscess. What is next in the treatment?
carry on the full antibiotic course, and then repeat CT
incision and drainage of the renal abscess with/without nephrectomy
the abscess size dictates management
perc. drainage of the renal abscess
Patients with bladder pain syndrome have:
a history of repeated urologic and/or gynecologic procedures
10 fold higher incidence of childhood voiding problems
4 fold higher incidence of anxiety-depression syndrome
6 fold higher incidence of psychosomatic disorders
What is the most common serotype of HPV associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?
16
18
22
12
Histologically, the pathognomonic finding of Fournier gangrene include:
necrosis of the superficial and deep fascial planes
fibrinoid thrombosis of the nutrient arterioles
polymorphonuclear cell infiltration
all of the above
Which of the following does NOT cause unresolved bacteriuria?
giant staghorn stone
perivesical abscess with fistula to the bladder
bacterial resistance
self-inflicted infection
Management of acute epididymo-orchitis in hospitalized patients includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
scrotal support and elevation
ice packs
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
urethral catheterization
Which of the following does NOT cause sterile pyouria?
inadequately treated UTI
renal papillary necrosis
acute emphysematous pyelonephritis
urinary tract tuberculosis
What factor(s) increase(s) the risk of bacterial colonization in the prostate?
acute epididymitis
indwelling urethral catheters
transurethral surgery
all of the above
What is the average age of onset of BPS/IC patients?
30
40
50
60
What is essential on diagnosing bladder pain syndrome BPS/IC?
sterile pyuria on 3 consecutive cultures
the presence of glomerulations and/or Hunner`s ulcer on endoscopy
pain and discomfort related to the bladder
urgency and frequency with no documented infection
What is false regarding pediatric renal parenchyma scarring?
chronic pyelonephritis and HTN lead to ESRD in 10% of the cases
neonatal symptoms of UTI are vague and non-specific, that delay the diagnosis and end in more scarring
despite adequate treatment, scarring continues after an attack of pyelonephritis as a chronic immune reaction against renal tubules
neonates have low intrarenal pelvic pressure, that predisposes to ascending infections
What are the most commonly affected organs by genitourinary schistosomiasis?
kidneys and adrenals
bladder and ureters
prostate and vasa
testes and epididymi
What is the earliest clinical finding of urosepsis?
elevated body temperature
dropped blood pressure
elevated heart rate
reduced urine output
What is the proper term to describe high bacterial count in urine without pus?
asymptomatic bacteriuria
sterile pyouria
bacterial colonization
unresolved bacteriuria
What is false regarding malakoplakia?
is an uncommon granulomatous disease that affect the skin and/or urinary bladder
it might be due to a disturbed function of B lymphocytes
characterized by the presence of basophilic inclusion structure (Michaelis-Gutmann body)
it might be due to a defective phagolysosomal activity of monocytes or macrophages