asymptomatic bacteriuria
sterile pyouria
bacterial colonization
unresolved bacteriuria
C. bacterial colonization
selective nerve block
balloon dilation
botulinum A toxin injection
ESWL
pH of vaginal secretions increases after menopause
estrogen deficiency manifests as trophic urethritis and atrophic vaginitis
topical conjugated estrogen replacement carries a significant risk of breast and endometrial cancers
manifestations might include obstructive symptoms and non-infectious cystitis
fever, chills, abdominal pain
costovertibral angle tenderness
hypogastric and loin pain
flank pain, dysuria
kidneys, prostate and epididymi
bladder, ureters and renal pelvis
vasa, scrotum and adrenals
testes, bladder neck and seminal vesicles
acute epididymitis
indwelling urethral catheters
transurethral surgery
all of the above
sterile pyuria on 3 consecutive cultures
the presence of glomerulations and/or Hunner`s ulcer on endoscopy
pain and discomfort related to the bladder
urgency and frequency with no documented infection
seniors house residents
ICU patients with indwelling urinary catheters
pregnant women
neurogenic bladder patients on CIC
is an uncommon granulomatous disease that affect the skin and/or urinary bladder
it might be due to a disturbed function of B lymphocytes
characterized by the presence of basophilic inclusion structure (Michaelis-Gutmann body)
it might be due to a defective phagolysosomal activity of monocytes or macrophages
type I
type II
type III
type IV
manifested as a sudden onset of hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, edema, hypertension, and RBC casts in the urine
post-streptococcus GN has an incubation period of 1-3 weeks with specific strains of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
the triad of sinusitis, pulmonary infiltrates, and nephritis, suggests Wegener granulomatosis
C3, C4, ESR and antistreptolysin O titer are increased
ascending UTI causing acute lobar nephronia
acute pyelonephritis in a transplanted kidney
infected renal subcapsular hematoma
perinephric abscess causing septicemia
bladder epithelial cells
type C nerve endings in the bladder
type A delta nerve endings in the bladder
the innermost longitudinal fibres of detrusor muscle
children
the elderly
men
women
a new episode of UTI caused by different species or occurring at long intervals
recurrent UTIs caused by the same organism in each instance, classically, at close intervals
recurrent UTIs due to failure of medical therapy to eradicate the infection
recurrent UTIs due to a persistent pathology that is obstinate to surgery
PCNL after treating the infection
cystoscopy and placing a retrograde ureteral stent followed by ESWL
perc. nephrostomy and placing antegrade ureteral stent
nephrectomy
substitution cystoplasty and continent diversion
fulguration of a Hunner`s ulcer or hydrodistention
intravesical installation of silver nitrate or dimethyl sulfoxide
low dose external beam irradiation
nitrofurantoin monohydrate/macrocrystals
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
ampicillin
fosfomycin
cystitis glandularis
cystitis cystica
esinophilic cystitis
cystitis follicularis
could be a complication of chronic epididymitis and orchalgia
testicular torsion must be excluded
infected hair follicles and scrotal lacerations are predisposing factors
urethral discharge is not uncommon presentation
drug resistance
non-compliance
the presence of persistent pathology
all of the above
CT shows the characteristic bear paw sign
it is an infected, obstructed, poorly functioning kidney containing stones
nephrectomy is the treatment
all of the above
asymptomatic bacteriuria
sterile pyouria
bacterial colonization
unresolved bacteriuria
a cause of obstruction should be sought
PCN is placed to decompress the kidney and preserve renal function
blood-born staphylococci are commoner than ascending E.coli infections
blood and urine cultures must dictate the antibiotic choice from day 1
vesicoureteral reflux
stenosis of the lower ureter
edematous ureteral wall causing deficient peristalsis
any of the above
is always asymptomatic
it shows a serological immune antibody response
is a common cause of sterile pyuria
typically, at this stage, the body demonstrates bacteriuria
P blood group
fimbria
pili
hemolysin
indwelling catheter insertion must be under sterile condition
systemic antibiotics help best in preventing bacteriuria
greater than 90% of nosocomial UTIs are related to urethral catheters
Intermittent catheterization carries the incidence of 1-3% of developing bacteriuria per insertion
might rupture into the collecting system causing (hydatiduria)and renal colic
are formed by the eggs of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus
most cysts are asymptomatic but might manifest as flank mass, dull pain, or hematuria
the most reliable diagnostic test uses partially purified hydatid arc 5 antigens in a double-diffusion test
foreign-body cystitis due to vesical calculi
Von Brunn`s nests of cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis
schistosomiasis cystitis
inverted papilloma of the bladder
kidneys and adrenals
bladder and ureters
prostate and vasa
testes and epididymi