Political instability
Lack of economic opportunities
Access to quality education
Natural disasters
C. Access to quality education
Crude death rate
Total fertility rate
Infant mortality rate
Life expectancy
Segregation
Assimilation
Integration
Pluralism
Formal region
Functional region
Vernacular region
Cultural region
High levels of industrialization
Diverse ethnic composition
Historical political significance
Geographical isolation
It has multiple central business districts (CBDs)
It has a single dominant center where most economic activities are concentrated
It lacks organized transportation systems
It is characterized by a dispersed pattern of development
New Urbanism
Urban sprawl
Zoning
Gentrification
Cultural assimilation
Cultural diffusion
Cultural integration
Cultural convergence
Cultural assimilation
Cultural integration
Cultural pluralism
Cultural adaptation
Functional region
Cultural region
Formal region
Vernacular region
The process of urban areas expanding into surrounding rural areas
The transformation of a neighborhood from low-income to high-income, often leading to displacement of original residents
The migration of people from urban areas to rural areas
The establishment of new industries in a city
Oligarchy
Democracy
Autocracy
Republic
Access to agricultural land
Limited job opportunities in rural areas
Strong sense of community in rural areas
Decreased cost of living in urban areas
Sustainability
Conservation
Stewardship
Exploitation
Natural boundary
Geometric boundary
Cultural boundary
Demarcated boundary
High levels of migration
Innovation and technological advancement
Isolation from neighboring cultures
Declining population
Urbanization
Zoning
Land use conversion
Gentrification
Deforestation
Afforestation
Reforestation
Conservation
Strict zoning regulations
Investment in public transportation
Low population density
Easy access to highways
The maximum population size that a given environment can sustain indefinitely
The total land area of a country
The rate at which a population grows
The average number of children per woman in a population
Isolation from neighboring cultures
High levels of migration
Innovation and technological advancement
Declining population
Seasonal migration
Forced migration
Chain migration
Step migration
Religious beliefs
Erosion patterns
Atmospheric pressure systems
Plate tectonics
Total fertility rate (TFR)
Infant mortality rate
Crude birth rate
Replacement-level fertility
Political instability
Lack of economic opportunities
Access to quality education
Natural disasters
Columbian Exchange
Transatlantic Trade
Silk Road
Atlantic Migration
Relocation diffusion
Hierarchical diffusion
Stimulus diffusion
Contagious diffusion
Access to natural resources
Population density
Political stability
Cultural diversity
Life expectancy
Birth rate
Mortality rate
Fertility rate
Ethnic group
Nation-state
Stateless nation
Multinational state
Cultural landscape
Geographic realm
Ecotone
Cultural region