0.04 %
0.35 to 0.45 %
0.4 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
B. 0.35 to 0.45 %
Ductile
Malleable
Homogeneous
Anisotropic
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Naked eye
Optical microscope
Metallurgical microscope
X-ray techniques
Free carbon
Graphite
Cementite
White carbon
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% tin
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
0.02
0.1
02
0.4
Brass
Mild steel
Cast iron
Wrought iron
Hard
Soft
Tough
Hard and tough
Brittleness
Ductility
Malleability
Plasticity
Babbitt metal
Monel metal
Nichrome
Phosphor bronze
It is prone to age hardening
It can be forged
It has good machining properties
It is lighter than pure aluminium
Deformation under stress
Externally applied forces with breakdown or yielding
Fracture due to high impact loads
None of these
Promotes decarburisation
Provides high hot hardness
Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
Promotes retention of austenite
Hardening and cold working
Normalising
Martempering
Full annealing
Copper
Chromium
Nickel
Silicon
Nickel, copper and iron
Nickel, copper and zinc
Copper, nickel and antimony
Iron, zinc and bismuth
Providing corrosion resistance
Improving machining properties
Providing high strength at elevated temperatures
Raising the elastic limit
Silicon bronze
White metal
Monel metal
Phosphor bronze
Silver metal
Duralumin
Hastelloy
Invar
Face centred cubic space lattice
Body centred cubic space lattice
Close packed hexagonal space lattice
None of these
Cementite
Free carbon
Flakes
Spheroids
Body centred cubic space lattice
Face centred cubic space lattice
Close packed hexagonal space lattice
None of these
Ferrite and cementite
Cementite and gamma iron
Ferrite and austenite
Ferrite and iron graphite
Blast furnace
Cupola
Open hearth furnace
Bessemer converter
Cold rolled into sheets
Drawn into wires
Formed into tube
Any one of these
RC 65
RC 48
RC 57
RC 80
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Mild steel
Cast iron
HSS
High carbon
By adding magnesium to molten cast iron
By quick cooling of molten cast iron
From white cast iron by annealing process
None of these
Eutectic cast irons
Hypoeutectic cast irons
Hypereutectic cast irons
None of these