It is prone to age hardening
It can be forged
It has good machining properties
It is lighter than pure aluminium
D. It is lighter than pure aluminium
Free carbon
Graphite
Cementite
White carbon
94% aluminium, 4% copper and 0.5% Mn, Mg, Si and Fe
92.5% aluminium and, 4% copper, 2% nickel and 1.5% Mg
90% aluminium and 90% copper
90% magnesium and 9% aluminium with some copper
Along the lines of slag distribution
Perpendicular to lines of slag distribution
Uniform in all directions
None of the above
Low carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High carbon steel
Alloy steel
No graphite
A very high percentage of graphite
A low percentage of graphite
Graphite as its basic constituent of composition
Line defect
Surface defect
Point defect
None of these
0.1 to 0.3 %
0.3 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
0.8 to 1.5 %
Decreases as the carbon content in steel increases
Increases as the carbon content in steel increases
Is same for all steels
Depends upon the rate of heating
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.7% magnesium, 0.4 to 0.7% manganese and rest aluminium
3.5 to 4.5% copper, 1.2 to 1.7% manganese, 1.8 to 2.3% nickel, 0.6% each of silicon, magnesium and iron, and rest aluminium
4 to 4.5% magnesium, 3 to 4% copper and rest aluminium
5 to 6% tin, 2 to 3% copper and rest aluminium
Nickel, chromium and manganese
Tungsten, molybdenum and phosphorous
Lead, tin, aluminium
Zinc, sulphur, and chromium
Low carbon steel
High carbon steel
Medium carbon steel
High speed steel
Has a fixed structure under all conditions
Exists in several crystal forms at different temperatures
Responds to heat treatment
Has its atoms distributed in a random pattern
Austenite
Pearlite
Ferrite
Cementite
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is also known as chilled cast iron is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Is produced by annealing process. I is soft, tough and easily machined metal
Is produced by small additions o magnesium (or cerium) in the ladle Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Cold rolled steel
Hot rolled steel
Forged steel
Cast steel
0.1 to 1.2%
1.5 to 2.5%
2.5 to 4%
4 to 4.5%
Machinability
Hardness
Hardness and strength
Strength and ductility
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
Aluminium, copper etc.
Nickel, molybdenum etc.
Nickel, Copper, etc.
All of the above
Magnesium alloys
Titanium alloys
Chromium alloys
Magnetic steel alloys
Creep
Fatigue
Endurance
Plastic deformation
Zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth
Gamma-iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel
Alpha-iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum
None of the above
Makes the iron soft and easily machinable
Increases hardness and brittleness
Make the iron white and hard
Aids fusibility and fluidity
Equal to
Less than
More than
None of these
Greater than 7
Less than 7
Equal to 7
pH value has nothing to do with neutral solution
Promotes decarburisation
Provides high hot hardness
Forms very hard carbides and thus increases wear resistance
Promotes retention of austenite
Steel
Al2O3
SiO2
MgO
Steels are heated to 500 to 700°C
Cooling is done slowly and steadily
Internal stresses are relieved
All of these
63 to 67% nickel and 30% copper
88% copper, 10% tin and rest zinc
Alloy of tin, lead and cadmium
Iron scrap and zinc
Nickel
Chromium
Nickel and chromium
Sulphur, lead and phosphorus