Nickel, copper and iron
Nickel, copper and zinc
Copper, nickel and antimony
Iron, zinc and bismuth
A. Nickel, copper and iron
Improve machinability
Improve ductility
Improve toughness
Release stresses
Vanadium, chromium, tungsten
Tungsten, titanium, vanadium
Chromium, titanium, vanadium
Tungsten, chromium, titanium
Greater than 7
Less than 7
Equal to 7
pH value has nothing to do with neutral solution
Core defects
Surface defects
Superficial defects
Temporary defects
Case hardening
Flame hardening
Nitriding
Any one of these
Modulus of elasticity is fairly low
Wear resistance is very good
Fatigue strength is not high
Creep strength limits its use to fairly low temperatures
0.5 to 1 %
1.2 %
2.5 to 4.5 %
5 to 7 %
Hearth
Stack
Bosh
Throat
Reduced neutron absorption cross-section
Improved Weldability
Embrittlement
Corrosion resistance
Ductile material
Malleable material
Brittle material
Tough material
Brass
Cast iron
Aluminium
Steel
70% copper and 30% zinc
90% copper and 10% ti
85 - 92% copper and rest tin with little lead and nickel
70 - 75% copper and rest tin
Spheroidal graphite cast iron with B.H.N. 400 and minimum tensile strength 15 MPa
Spheroidal graphite cast iron with minimum tensile strength 400 MPa and 15 percent elongation
Spheroidal graphite cast iron with minimum compressive strength 400 MPa and 15 percent reduction in area
None of the above
Refine the grain structure
Remove strains caused by cold working
Remove dislocations caused in the internal structure due to hot working
All of the above
There is no change in grain size
The average grain size is a minimum
The grain size increases very rapidly
The grain size first increases and then decreases very rapidly
Cementite
Free graphite
Both A and B
None of these
Ferritic stainless steel
Austenitic stainless steel
Martenistic stainless steel
Nickel steel
Refine grain structure
Reduce segregation in casting
Improve mechanical properties
Induce stresses
Contain the smallest number of atoms which when taken together have all the properties of the crystals of the particular metal
Have the same orientation and their similar faces are parallel
May be defined as the smallest parallelepiped which could be transposed in three coordinate directions to build up the space lattice
All of the above
Hard
High in strength
Highly resistant to corrosion
Heat treated to change its properties
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improve corrosion and heat resistant proper ties
Improves cutting ability and reduce hardenability
Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti corrosion property
0.1 to 0.3 %
0.3 to 0.6 %
0.6 to 0.8 %
0.8 to 1.5 %
Improvement of casting characteristics
Improvement of corrosion resistance
One of the best known age and precipitation hardening systems
Improving machinability
Flywheel of steam engine
Cast iron pipes
Cycle chains
Gas turbine blades
Cast iron
Vitrified clay
Asbestos cement
Concrete
Strength
Stiffness
Toughness
Brittleness
50 : 50
40 : 60
60 : 40
20 : 80
50 : 20 : 20 : 10
40 : 30 : 20 : 10
50 : 20 : 10 : 20
30 : 20 : 30 : 20
Zinc, magnesium, cobalt, cadmium, antimony and bismuth
Gamma-iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver and nickel
Alpha-iron, tungsten, chromium and molybdenum
None of the above
80% or more iron
50% or more iron
Alloying elements like chromium, tungsten nickel and copper
Elements like phosphorus, sulphur and silicon in varying quantities