At which type of renal tubular acidosis (RTA), typically, potassium levels increase?
type 1
type 2
type 3
type 4
Correct Answer :
D. type 4
type 4 is characterized by a deficiency of or inability to respond to aldosterone, resulting in high potassium level.
Related Questions
Which structure is a part of the renal hilum?
renal pelvis
branches of the renal artery
tributaries of renal vein
all of the above
Beside renal excretion of sodium, what does atrial natriuretic hormone cause?
constriction of renal afferent arterioles
renin inhibition
aldosterone stimulation
rise in systemic blood pressure
Which of the following does NOT increase in prostate cancer?
human kallikrein 2
pro-PSA
free PSA
complexed PSA
Renal blood flow is autoregulated by:
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
urinary output
afferent arteriolar resistance
Which of the following does asymptomatic hematuria workup include?
cystoscopy
CT urography
urine cytology
all of the above
What degrades semenogelin and determines the consistency of the seminal coagulum is:
spermine
acid phosphatase
PSA
semenoglobulin
What is the narrowest part of the ureter?
uretero-pelvic junction
uretero-vesical junction
where ureters cross the pelvic brim
where ureters cross the common iliac bifurcation
Which statement is false concerning the gubernaculua?
degenerate after birth
called the caudal genital ligaments
help guide the testes down through the inguinal canals
represent undifferentiated mesenchyme
What is false concerning renal vasculature?
there are 4 surgical segments of the kidney, based on the segmental artery distribution
along the kidney convexity, there is an avascular plane
there are no collaterals between segmental arteries
in < 10%, the posterior branch is the first to branch off the renal artery
To which region does pain, from the left mid ureter, refer to?
the loin region
the inguinal region
the umbilical region
the penis or clitoris
Which statement is false concerning capacitation of spermatozoa?
occurs after acrosome reaction
entails removal of a glycoprotein layer
it is a biochemical event of sperm maturation
changes occur in the female genital tract
What is the approximated bladder capacity of an 8 yrs. girl?
150 ml
200 ml
250 ml
300 ml
Between which 2 fascial planes does the prostatic neurovascular bundle travel?
prostatic fascia and levator fascia
prostate capsule and prostatic fascia
Denonvilliers fascia and prostate capsule
Denonvilliers fascia and endopelvic fascia
What is the nerve supply of the adrenal gland?
sympathetic to the medulla
parasympathetic to the medulla
sympathetic to the cortex
parasympathetic to the cortex
What are the first and second most common zones from where prostate cancers arise?
central then transitional
peripheral then transitional
peripheral then central
transitional then central
Which organism is capable of proliferation in the urine and causing urethritis?
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Chlamydia trachomatis
E. coli
Neisseria gonorrhea
Which of the following diabetes mellitus treatments causes erectile dysfunction?
long-acting insulin
metformin
sulfonylurea
none of the above
How many renal papillae are there in a typical kidney?
4 to 6
7 to 9
10 to 12
13 to 14
Which of the following carries the greatest risk of HIV transmission to health care workers?
splash of patient`s blood to the eyes
splash of patient`s blood to the mouth
surgical suture needle stick
hollow bore needle stick
Which group(s) of lymph nodes drain(s) the glans penis?
internal and external iliac
superficial inguinal
deep inguinal
superficial and deep inguinal
What is the function of PSA in semen?
increases semen volume
has antimicrobial activity
liquefies the seminal coagulum
decreases semen pH
What is false concerning coagulase splitting bacteria (Griess) test?
it is a reduction reaction that converts nitrate to nitrite
nitrazine reagent papers are used to elicit the reaction
it is false negative in diluted urine, on taking vitamin C, and in gram +ve bacteria
the reaction takes 4 minutes to complete
What is the most likely diagnosis of an erectile dysfunction patient with low plasma testosterone and high prolactin levels?
pituitary adenoma
adrenal adenoma
Kallmann syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Hematuria of glomerular origin is associated with:
significant proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts
glycosuria, eumorphic RBCs, WBC casts
hypercalciuria, eumorphic RBCs, granular casts
proteinuria, dysmorphic RBCs, hyaline casts
What is false concerning the urinary bladder anatomy?
as it distends, it peels off the peritoneum from the abdominal wall
the interureteric ridge is located between the 2 ureteric orifices and the uvula vesicae
Waldeyer`s sheath covers only the distal ureter and forms the deep trigone
in adults, it is percussible over the abdomen when contains at least 150 ml
Which of the following is NOT related to von Hippel-Lindau disease?
retinal hemangioblastoma
ureteral atresia
pheochromocytomas
multiple cysts in the pancreas and kidneys
What is true regarding hematospermia?
should be investigated thoroughly like hematuria
is rarely associated with significant urologic pathology
carries a risk of infertility
mandates testicular biopsy
What increases blood volume and pressure in corpora cavernosa during erection is:
increase in sympathetic discharge
contraction of ischiocavernosa and bulbocavernosa muscles
increase arterial flow and closure of emissary veins
shunting of blood from the dorsal to the central cavernosal artery
What is the most common cause of hematuria in men over 60 yrs.?
kidney stones
glomerulonephritis
BPH
bladder cancer
Which of the following does NOT increase PSA value?
trauma to the prostate
digital rectal examination
urinary retention
prostatitis