150 ml
200 ml
250 ml
300 ml
D. 300 ml
bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
pituitary over secretion of ACTH
exogenous administration of glucocorticoids
immune-mediated disease
intimal fibroplasia
medial fibroplasia
medial hyperplasia
serosal hyperplasia
central zone
peripheral zone
transitional zone
fibromuscular stroma
cystoscopy
CT urography
urine cytology
all of the above
at either side of the prostate
in the pubo-prostatic space
anterior to the seminal vesicles
posterior to the vaso-epididymal junction
if PSA reading had exceeded 2.7 ng/ml over 12 months
if free PSA reading was less than 0.4 ng/ml
if total PSA reading was greater than 8 ng/ml
any of the above
erythropoietin
renin
angiotensin I
angiotensinogen
central then transitional
peripheral then transitional
peripheral then central
transitional then central
high protein diet
hypokalaemia
proximal renal tubular acidosis
idiopathic
it is a reduction reaction that converts nitrate to nitrite
nitrazine reagent papers are used to elicit the reaction
it is false negative in diluted urine, on taking vitamin C, and in gram +ve bacteria
the reaction takes 4 minutes to complete
ribosome
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
there are 4 surgical segments of the kidney, based on the segmental artery distribution
along the kidney convexity, there is an avascular plane
there are no collaterals between segmental arteries
in < 10%, the posterior branch is the first to branch off the renal artery
allopurinol
aminoglycosides
cimetidine
all of the above
from early morning urine sample
comparing urine and serum calcium at a given time
performing 24 urine collection
from a mid-stream urine sample
prostatic fascia and levator fascia
prostate capsule and prostatic fascia
Denonvilliers fascia and prostate capsule
Denonvilliers fascia and endopelvic fascia
Watson plexus
capsular arteries and veins
inferior vesical and midrectal vessels
Santorini plexus
aminoglycosides
αantipseudomonal penicillins
cephalosporins
fluoroquinolones
harder to catheterize when compared to the male urethra
4 inch long
opens into the vestibule below the clitoris
gets wider at the post-menopausal age
sodium bicarbonate
phyto soya
ascorbic acid
sol palmetto
16
32
64
90
the membranous
the bladder neck
the bulbous
the external urethral meatus
catalase activity of erythrocytes
peroxidase activity of erythrocytes
lyase activity of erythrocytes
none of the above
human kallikrein 2
pro-PSA
free PSA
complexed PSA
79.54
44.19
84.15
94.25
the renal pelvis could be intra or extra renal
the renal pelvis divides into 2 or 3 major calyces
major calyces divide into 2 or 3 minor calyces
unlike lateral calyces, polar calyces are often paired
central zone
peripheral zone
preprostatic tissue
anterior fibromuscular stroma
finasteride
prazosin
silodosin
vardenafil
increase collecting duct permeability
increase medullary blood flow
decrease cortical blood flow
decrease potassium secretion
at birth
2 years
at puberty
none of the above
long arm of X chromosome
long arm of Y chromosome
short arm of Y chromosome
short arm of X chromosome