What congenital anomaly is unlikely to result in stone formation?
left ureterocele
bifid right renal pelvis
neurogenic bladder
bilateral UPJ stenosis
Correct Answer :
B. bifid right renal pelvis
bifid renal pelvis does not result in obstruction, stasis, or repeated infections.
Related Questions
What is the most common organism that might complicate PCNL?
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus epidermidis
What is the composition of brushite stones?
calcium phosphate
calcium oxalate monohydrate
sodium urate
2,8 dihydroxyadenine
What is true concerning primary hyperparathyroidism and stone formation?
orthophosphates may have a role in the treatment
hyperparathyroidectomy and levothyroxine replacement is the optimum treatment
management includes Calcium chelating agent and repeat 24hr urine collection in 3 months
surgical excision of the adenoma(s) is the treatment of choice
What could the discomfort experienced during ESWL session be related to?
the energy density of the shock waves as they pass through the skin
the size of the focal point
a & b
none of the above
What parameter impairs the kidney stone-free rate, after ESWL?
short skin-to-stone distance (SSD)
end-stage renal failure
a stone in the upper calyx
the presence of a 30 cm, 4.7 Fr ureteral stent in situ
Which patient is at lowest risk for the development of perinephric hematoma after ESWL?
hypertensive patient
patient on aspirin withheld 5 days prior to ESWL
a stone in a scared poorly functioning kidney
ESWL every other day
What is the most favorable stone characteristic for PCNL treatment?
≥ 2 cm diameter
upper calyx location
Na.urate composition
600 - 800 HU density
What is false concerning the use of antibiotics in stone patients?
they are mandatory when urine shows ≥ 10 WBCs/hpf in symptomatic patients
they aim at treating pyonephrosis and urosepsis
they should cover Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Proteus, and Klebsiella species
All of the above
What is true regarding DJ ureteral stents?
can be placed through perc. nephrostomy
might slip out, especially in females
usually radiopaque
all of the above
What type of stones is most effectively treated with PCNL?
Ca.oxalate monohydrate
cystine
matrix
Ca.oxalate dihydrate
What sequence of ureteral parts represents the most to least favorable stone response to ESWL treatment?
upper, lower, mid
lower, upper, mid
mid, upper, lower
mid, lower, upper
Which of the following dietary advice is recommended for Ca.oxalate stone formers?
limit beef, chicken, pork, eggs, fish, shellfish, and other animal proteins
limit beans, nuts, chocolate, coffee, dark green vegetables, and soda
limit canned, packaged, and fast foods
limit milk, cheese, and other dairy products
What could high dietary protein result in?
increase urinary calcium, oxalate, and uric acid excretion
decrease urinary calcium; but increase oxalate, and uric acid excretion
increased urinary calcium and uric acid; but decrease oxalate excretion
decreased urinary calcium, oxalate, and uric acid excretion
What is false concerning struvite stones?
the commonest to form staghorn giant calculi
formed by urease producing bacteria
antibiotics have a role in the treatment
form at the two extremes of urinary pH range
What stone is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait?
xanthine
ammonium urate
cystine
calcium oxalate dihydrate
What type of shockwaves is generated by spark-gap technology?
piezoelectric
electrohydraulic
electromagnetic
microexplosive
What is the Hounsfield density range of uric acid stones?
400 600 HU
600 800 HU
800 1000 HU
1000 1200 HU
Which method of the following stone analysis techniques is based on the interaction of polarized light with the stone crystals?
wet chemical analysis
thermogravimetry
scanning electron microscopy
none of the above
What condition might NOT cause uric acid stones?
Tumor lysis syndrome
hypoparathyroidism
myeloproliferative disorder
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
What is false concerning primary bladder stones?
commonly occur in patients with senile prostatic enlargement
common in children exposed to low-protein, low-phosphate diet
rarely recur after treatment
respond to ESWL
What situation carries lower risk for lung injury during supracostal upper pole access for PCNL?
placing the patient in anti-Trendelenburg position
making the puncture under local anesthesia
injection Co2 gas to create a safety space under the diaphragm before puncturing
making the puncture during full expiration
What is the treatment of choice for a 15 mm stone in the lower calyx with a narrow infundibulum?
ESWL
PCNL
radial nephrolithotomy
pyelolithotomy with ureteral stenting
What is the most favorable stone characteristics for laparoscopic and robotic approaches for the treatment of a kidney stone?
a stone in the lower calyx with a wide mouth of infundibulum and obtuse lower calyx to ureter angle
a stone in an anterior group calyceal diverticulum with thin overlying renal parenchyma
5 mm calcium-containing stone in an intrarenal pelvis and wide UPJ
6 years post anatrophic nephrolithotomy, recurrent mid calyceal stone
What kind of stones is most amenable to ESWL?
cystine
brushite
Ca.oxalate monohydrate
Ca.oxalate dihydrate
What is true concerning the use of intravenous fluids in renal colic cases?
patients should be given large amounts of fluids to hasten stones passage
fluids are given to keep the patient well hydrated
the recommended regimen is 2 L of ringer lactate over 2 hours
fluids are contraindicated if desmopressin (DDAVP) was given
What is (are) true concerning ESWL?
a stone is fragmented when the force of the shockwaves overcomes the tensile strength of the stone
fragmentation occurs as a result of compressive and tensile forces, erosion, shearing, spalling, and cavitation
the generation of compressive and tensile forces and cavitation are thought to be the most important
all of the above
For how long a completely obstructed ureter could be respited with no expected permanent damage to renal functions?
2 days
2 weeks
2 months
4 6 hrs.
What is false concerning neonatal nephrolithiasis?
frequently caused by loop diuretics
stones are often radiolucent
may be reversed by the use of thiazides
low calcium-to-creatinine ratio predicts stones resolution
What risk factor(s) promote(s) stone formation?
dehydration
metabolic disorders
congenital anomalies
all of the above
What is false concerning preputial stones?
form due to inspissated smegma
form due to stasis of urinary salts
cause inguinal lymphadenopathy
often associated with phimosis in uncircumcised males