Irritative LUTS and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women are most likely to be due to:
giggle incontinence
estrogen deficiency
cystitis glandularis
cystitis cystica
Correct Answer :
B. estrogen deficiency
estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women causes atrophic urethritis manifesting as described in the question.
Related Questions
What antimicrobial agent treats UTI and does NOT alter the gut flora?
trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole
fluoroquinolones
aminoglycosides
nitrofurantoins
Using low-dose prophylactic or suppressive antimicrobials might be an option in treating the following type of prostatitis:
acute bacterial prostatitis presenting with abscess formation
recurrent or refractory chronic bacterial prostatitis
asymptomatic prostatitis with pyuria resistant to common antimicrobials
curiously, chronic inflammatory prostatitis could respond to low-dose suppressive antibiotic
Why could pyuria be sterile?
because standard laboratory culture specifications might not be favorable for growth of atypical organisms
because UTI could show fewer than 10 white cells/mm3 in urine
because laboratories may not report significant growth of a defined urinary pathogen
all of the above
Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for BPS/IC?
substitution cystoplasty and continent diversion
fulguration of a Hunner`s ulcer or hydrodistention
intravesical installation of silver nitrate or dimethyl sulfoxide
low dose external beam irradiation
What is false concerning renal hydatid cysts?
might rupture into the collecting system causing (hydatiduria)and renal colic
are formed by the eggs of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus
most cysts are asymptomatic but might manifest as flank mass, dull pain, or hematuria
the most reliable diagnostic test uses partially purified hydatid arc 5 antigens in a double-diffusion test
How should a proper routine urine specimen be collected?
early morning sample, after cleansing the perineum and meatus
by urethral catheterization under strict aseptic technique
a clean catch of midstream voided urine
by suprapubic aspiration, as urine is sterile
What does NOT predispose to acute epididymitis is:
TUR ejaculatory duct
prolonged urethral catheterization
prostatic biopsy
vas ligation
What are the sequelae of recurrent uncomplicated UTI in young women?
minimal
chronic persistent infections
chronic relapsing infections
bouts of chronic pyelonephritis
What is NOT a complication of mumps orchitis?
infertility
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
non seminomatous germ cell tumor
chronic orchalgia
What is the most significant complication of papillary necrosis?
ureteral obstruction
proteinuria
stone formation
renal scarring
What could cause scrotal sinus?
improperly drained hair follicle scrotal abscess
syphilitic orchitis
tuberculous epididymitis
all of the above
What is true regarding urinary catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI)?
indwelling catheter insertion must be under sterile condition
systemic antibiotics help best in preventing bacteriuria
greater than 90% of nosocomial UTIs are related to urethral catheters
Intermittent catheterization carries the incidence of 1-3% of developing bacteriuria per insertion
What is false regarding Herpes simplex (HSV) infection?
characterized by neurovirulence
the incubation period of primary genital herpes is 2 3 weeks
HSV can be isolated in the urine
HSV-1 infection causes urethritis more often than HSV-2 does
What is the least important measure in indwelling catheter care?
cleansing the urethral meatus with aseptic agent
careful aseptic insertion of the catheter
maintenance of a closed drainage system
maintaining a dependant drainage system
All of the following etiologies for interstitial cystitis have been theorized, EXCEPT:
allergic, type I hypersensitivity response
pelvic floor dysfunction
up-regulation of histaminergic and muscarinic neuro-receptors
neural hypersensitivity
What are the most indicative symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis?
fever and chills
suprapubic pain and pyuria
flank pain and tenderness
none of the above
What condition(s) could occur in schistosomal ureter?
beading of the lower ureteral segment
ureteral fibrosis and calcifications of the distal ureter
stricture at the uretero-vesical junction
all of the above
Directed physiotherapy could be of value in treating what NIH type of prostatitis?
type II
type III-a
type III-b
type IV
In males, HIV infection increases the incidence of the following genitourinary tumors:
testicular
renal
penile
all of the above
What is true concerning the treatment of catheter associated bacteriuria?
should be flushed frequently, but no antibiotic is advised
should be treated if febrile UTI has developed
should be treated only if urine culture is positive
should be treated once the catheter is removed
What is the estimated risk of untreated Chlamydial infections in producing pelvic inflammatory disease?
1 2.7%
5 9%
10 27%
30 47%
What is false regarding viral cystitis?
in pediatrics, adenovirus types 11 and 21 could result in hemorrhagic cystitis
immunosuppressed children are especially susceptible to Cytomegalovirus and Adenoviruses 7, 21, and 35
in pediatrics, acute viral cystitis might present as acute retention of urine
classically, treatment should be culture-specific
Under which surgical wound classification, does diagnostic cystoscopy under sterile technique fit?
dirty - infected
contaminated
clean - contaminated
clean
What is true concerning the definition of UTI in women, based on culture results from a suprapubic aspirate of urine?
any amount of uropathogen grown in culture indicates UTI
for cystitis, more than 1000 CFU/mL indicates UTI
for pyelonephritis, more than 10,000 CFU/mL indicates UTI
for asymptomatic bacteriuria, more than 100,000 CFU/mL indicates UTI
What host`s factors do NOT increase the risk of developing infections?
advanced age
anatomical anomalies
poor drug compliance
smoking
What is the preferred antimicrobial prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy?
aminoglycoside
fluoroquinolone
2nd generation cephalosporin
doxycycline
What is false concerning peri-renal abscess?
could result from intra-renal abscess of ascending infection
urine culture might be negative
plain KUB X-ray has no value in the diagnosis
surgical drainage is the proper treatment
What is the average age of onset of BPS/IC patients?
30
40
50
60
As per NIH classification of prostatitis, which type requires no treatment?
type I
type II
type III
type IV
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with interstitial cystitis?
inflammatory bowel disease
rheumatoid arthritis
systemic lupus erythematosus
fibromyalgia