What is true concerning primary hyperparathyroidism and stone formation?
orthophosphates may have a role in the treatment
hyperparathyroidectomy and levothyroxine replacement is the optimum treatment
management includes Calcium chelating agent and repeat 24hr urine collection in 3 months
surgical excision of the adenoma(s) is the treatment of choice
Correct Answer :
D. surgical excision of the adenoma(s) is the treatment of choice
surgical excision of the adenoma(s) is the optimum treatment.
Related Questions
What is the incidence risk of ureteral strictures following ureteroscopy?
3 6 %
12 15 %
0.4 0.8 %
0.09 0.14 %
What is the most favorable stone characteristics for laparoscopic and robotic approaches for the treatment of a kidney stone?
a stone in the lower calyx with a wide mouth of infundibulum and obtuse lower calyx to ureter angle
a stone in an anterior group calyceal diverticulum with thin overlying renal parenchyma
5 mm calcium-containing stone in an intrarenal pelvis and wide UPJ
6 years post anatrophic nephrolithotomy, recurrent mid calyceal stone
What is the unfavorable stone characteristic for a rigid URS treatment?
size of 5 mm
location at the lower calyx
density of 400 HU
being recurrent
What is a remarkable disadvantage of ultrasonic imaging for ESWL?
localization of stones in the ureter is difficult or impossible
inability to visualize stones breaking down in real time
c. patient`s position on ESWL table is uncomfortable
d. inability to visualize radiolucent stones
What type of stones do laxative abusers might develop?
ammonium urate
sodium urate
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
Worldwide, the commonest type of urinary stones is:
calcium monohydrate
calcium oxalate
ammonium urate
none of the above
In what kind of renal stones do antibiotics help most?
indinavir
magnesium ammonium phosphate
xanthine
matrix
What is the first-line treatment of kidney stones of a burden greater than 2 cm?
ESWL
URS
PCNL
none of the above
As per the fixed particle theory of stone formation:
the initial step is papillary plaque formation
crystals formation occurs inside the nephron
tubular precipitates form harmless crystalluria
the attraction of organic compounds and activation crystallization is regulated by osteopontin
What is the most important parameter that determines the treatment modality of a kidney stone?
stone chemical composition
stone burden
first stone vs. recurrent
stone density
What congenital anomaly is unlikely to result in stone formation?
left ureterocele
bifid right renal pelvis
neurogenic bladder
bilateral UPJ stenosis
What is false concerning prostatic stones?
composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
the vast majority are asymptomatic
most of the calculi are found in the transitional zone
they dont affect PSA levels
What kind of stones is more likely to recur with infections if not removed completely?
urate
triple phosphate
oxalate monohydrate
matrix
How does oral Mg.citrate inhibit Ca.oxalate stone formation?
by lowering urinary saturation of Ca.oxalate
by preventing heterogeneous nucleation of Ca.oxalate
by inhibiting spontaneous precipitation and agglomeration of Ca.oxalate
by all of the above
What is true concerning primary hyperparathyroidism and stone formation?
orthophosphates may have a role in the treatment
hyperparathyroidectomy and levothyroxine replacement is the optimum treatment
management includes Calcium chelating agent and repeat 24hr urine collection in 3 months
surgical excision of the adenoma(s) is the treatment of choice
Which event is unlikely to occur after placing a DJ ureteral stent?
can be forgotten in place
vesico-renal reflux
calyceal perforation
detrusor irritability and/or hematuria
What is the Hounsfield density range of uric acid stones?
400 600 HU
600 800 HU
800 1000 HU
1000 1200 HU
What medication could help in managing carbonate apatite stones?
α-Mercaptopropionylglycine
acetohydroxamic acid
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
xanthine oxidase inhibitors
How is primary oxaluria treated?
terminal ilium resection
liver transplantation
kidney transplantation
regular hemodialysis
What situation carries lower risk for lung injury during supracostal upper pole access for PCNL?
placing the patient in anti-Trendelenburg position
making the puncture under local anesthesia
injection Co2 gas to create a safety space under the diaphragm before puncturing
making the puncture during full expiration
What is false concerning patient`s preparation for PCNL?
active UTI is an absolute contraindication
fluoroquinolone is the first choice for antimicrobial prophylaxis
withholding aspirin for only 10 days is enough
despite sterile urine, stone fragmentation might release hidden bacterial endotoxins and viable bacteria
What metabolic disturbances could result from renal tubular acidosis type I?
hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypercalciuria and hypercitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypocitraturia
hypocalciuria and hypercitraturia
What are the expected findings on urinalysis in patients with acute renal colic?
blood cells more than pus cells
pus cells if infection was superadded
crystals might appear
all of the above
What is false concerning staghorn calculus?
commonly unilateral
commonly due to repeated infections
urate stones are the second most common cause of staghorn calculi
ESWL monotherapy with ureteral stenting is the ideal treatment
What is (are) the indication(s) of using DJ ureteral catheters?
to stent the ureter after ureteral surgery
to facilitate stone passage
after a tough ureteroscopy procedure
all of the above
What is the immediate management of ureteral avulsion on retrieving an upper ureteral stone by a basket?
placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy drain
surgical exploration and primary repair
conservative management
endoscopic retrograde ureteral stenting
What is the fatality risk if a triple-phosphate staghorn stone left untreated?
0 10%
10 20%
20 30%
30 40%
What is the favorable stone characteristic for ESWL treatment?
1000 - 1300 HU density
5 - 10 mm diameter
lower calyx location
mid ureteral location
What is true concerning uric acid stones?
they are metabolic stones that form at high urinary pH
they score 800 1000 HU on CT
only 25% of affected patients have Gout disease
affected patients must stop eating animal protein
What is the least likely condition to form bladder stones?
spinal cord injury
senile enlargement of prostate
augmented bladder
neurogenic hyper-reflexive bladder