Which anomaly might accompany horseshoe kidneys?
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
ureterocele
ureteral reflux
ureteral atresia
Correct Answer :
A. ureteropelvic junction obstruction
the commonest of the listed anomalies is UPJ obstruction due to crossing aberrant blood vessel.
Related Questions
Which anomaly might accompany horseshoe kidneys?
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
ureterocele
ureteral reflux
ureteral atresia
Where is the centre of reflex erection located at?
the brain cortex
the sacral cord
the lumbar cord
the hypothalamus
To which group of lymph nodes do tumors at the anterior superior area of the bladder, first, drain?
hypogastric
internal iliac
external iliac
lateral sacral
What is the best method to evaluate calcium levels in the urine?
from early morning urine sample
comparing urine and serum calcium at a given time
performing 24 urine collection
from a mid-stream urine sample
Which type of urinary casts are solidified TammHorsfall mucoproteins secreted from the tubular epithelial cells of individual nephrons?
granular
hyaline
waxy
pigment
What is the nerve supply of the adrenal gland?
sympathetic to the medulla
parasympathetic to the medulla
sympathetic to the cortex
parasympathetic to the cortex
How does estrogen prevent lower UTI in postmenopausal women?
increasing vaginal secretions
decreasing vaginal pH
increasing normal vaginal flora
decreasing bacterial adherence
What does apoptosis mean?
programmed cell death
new vascular formation
uninhibited neural stimulation
premature muscular contraction
What is false concerning fosfomycin antibiotic?
has a limited cross-resistance with most common antibacterial agents
causes injection site reactions
is active against most uropathogens
is effective as a single-dose agent
Which drug does NOT result in urinary retention?
terazosin, antihypertensive
benzodiazepines, psychotropic medicine
levodopa, anti-Parkinsonism medicine
brimonidine, glaucoma eye drops
What is false concerning coagulase splitting bacteria (Griess) test?
it is a reduction reaction that converts nitrate to nitrite
nitrazine reagent papers are used to elicit the reaction
it is false negative in diluted urine, on taking vitamin C, and in gram +ve bacteria
the reaction takes 4 minutes to complete
What is false concerning PSA molecule?
the free form of PSA exists in small proportions in the body, and found mainly in BPH and in the ejaculate
α1- anti chymotrypsin binds to 3 epitopes of the PSA molecule to form a complexed PSA
α2- macroglobulin binds to 5 epitopes of the PSA molecule to form a complexed PSA
the purified PSA molecule has a molecular weight of 90 kDa
Where do Cowper`s gland ducts drain into?
ejaculatory ducts
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
bulbous urethra
Which of the renal artery occlusive conditions, commonly, do NOT affect renal function?
intimal fibroplasia
medial fibroplasia
medial hyperplasia
serosal hyperplasia
How can hyperuricosuria cause calcium oxalate calculi?
by increasing oxalate absorption
by heterogeneous nucleation
by inducing hyperoxaluria
by reducing urate crystals saturation
Which part of the prostate is traversed by the ejaculatory duct:
central zone
peripheral zone
transitional zone
fibromuscular stroma
What does make UTI more common in mid-aged females than in males?
short female urethra
pregnancy
vaginal colonization with enterobacteria
all the above
How many renal papillae are there in a typical kidney?
4 to 6
7 to 9
10 to 12
13 to 14
What could render red urine workup, false positive for hematuria?
dehydration
myoglobinuria
high doses of vitamin C
all of the above
The commonest neoplasms that metastasize to kidneys come from:
breasts
thyroids
lungs
liver
Branches of what artery travel under the endopelvic fascia form the prostate to the sidewall of the pelvis?
obturator artery
midrectal artery
inferior vesical artery
pudendal artery
What causes pure testicular feminization is:
over estrogen synthesis
defective end-organ androgen response
extra X chromosome (XXY)
failure of genital ridge regression
Which of the following mediates calcium reabsorption in the distal renal tubules?
aldosterone
hypocalcemia
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D
At which condition is alpha-fetoprotein most frequently elevated?
infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast
seminoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
malignant melanoma
Which microbe causes red diaper syndrome?
Serratia marcescens
Streptococcus pyogenes
Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Which group(s) of lymph nodes drain(s) the glans penis?
internal and external iliac
superficial inguinal
deep inguinal
superficial and deep inguinal
Which period of intrauterine life does the process of organ formation (organogenesis) take place?
9 12 weeks
12 15 weeks
15 18 weeks
18 21 weeks
Where is Santorini plexus located?
at either side of the prostate
in the pubo-prostatic space
anterior to the seminal vesicles
posterior to the vaso-epididymal junction
Which of the following is NOT related to von Hippel-Lindau disease?
retinal hemangioblastoma
ureteral atresia
pheochromocytomas
multiple cysts in the pancreas and kidneys
Which of the following is NOT a sex accessory tissue?
the prostate gland
seminal vesicles
epididymi
bulbourethral glands